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CATTI英语笔译综合词汇学习 45 | 英语笔译近义词及形近词辨析

作者：-- 来源：网络发布时间：2020-08-11

　　词汇及词组摘自CATTI指定教材《英语笔译综合能力2级》，解释及例句源来自牛津高阶英汉双解词典(简体) 第 8 版

　　Catti英语笔译综合能力测试题中经常考察大家对于近义词以及形近词的理解与应用，有些词的意思相近，但却有一些细微的差别，而对于这些细微差别的理解就决定了选择题的正确与否；还有一类就是形式上看上去较为相似，但是意思却大相径庭，所以这类题目对一些同学来说较为棘手。

　　征服这类题目不仅在于平时对于词汇的积累，更在于我们在备考时就能细心辨别这类词汇的差异并加以整理，从而不至于在考场中混淆。

　　近义词辨析

　　1. Afford& provide& supply

　　Afford

　　① [no passive ] ( usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions 通常与 can、could 或 be able to 连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句 ) to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth 买得起；（有时间）做，能做

　　Afford sth

　　例：Can we afford a new car?我们买得起一辆新车吗？

　　None of them could afford ￡50 for a ticket.

　　他们中没有哪个拿得出50 英镑买一张票。

　　She felt she couldn't afford any more time off work.

　　她觉得再也抽不出时间歇班了。

　　Afford to do sth

　　例：We can't afford to go abroad this summer.

　　今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。

　　She never took a taxi, even though she could afford to.

　　尽管她坐得起出租汽车，但她从未坐过。

　　Afford sth to do sth

　　例：He couldn't afford the money to go on the trip.他不够钱去这次旅行。

　　②[no passive ] ( usually used with canor could,especially in negative sentences and questions 通常与 can 或 could 连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句 ) if you say that you can't affordto do sth, you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do 承担得起（后果）

　　Afford to do sth

　　例：We cannot afford to ignore this warning.

　　我们对这个警告绝不能等闲视之。

　　( formal) They could ill afford to lose any more staff.

　　他们再也不能损失员工了。

　　Afford sth

　　例：We cannot afford any more delays.我们不能再有任何耽搁了。

　　③ ( formal) to provide sb with sth 提供；给予

　　Afford sth

　　例：The tree affords some shelter from the sun.

　　这棵树可以挡一挡太阳。

　　Afford sb sth

　　例：The program affords young people the chance to gain work experience.这项计划给年轻人提供了获得工作经验的机会。

　　provide

　　① to give sth to sb or make it available for them to use 提供；供应；给予

　　例：The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。

　　The report was not expected to provide any answers.

　　不要指望这个报告能提供什么答案。

　　Please answer questions in the space provided.请在留出的空白处答题。

　　Provide sth for sb

　　例：We are here to provide a service for the public.

　　我们来这里是为公众服务。

　　Provide sb with sth

　　例：We are here to provide the public with a service.我们来这里是为公众服务。

　　Provide sth to sb

　　例：The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.

　　这家慈善机构的宗旨是向贫困者提供帮助。

　　②provide that… ( formal) (of a law or rule 法律或规则 ) to state that sth will or must happen 规定

　　例：The final section provides that any work produced for the company is thereafter owned by the company.最后一节规定，此后为公司创作的一切作品均为本公司所有

　　supply

　　noun：

　　① [countable ] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used 供应量；供给量；储备

　　例：The water supply is unsafe.供水不稳定。

　　Supplies of food are almost exhausted.贮存的食物快吃完了。

　　We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.

　　我们不能保证提供充足的原料。

　　Books were in short supply (= there were not enough of them).

　　书籍供应短缺。

　　② supplies [plural ] the things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, for example an army or expedition （军队或探险队等的）补给，补给品

　　例：Our supplies were running out.我们的补给快用完了。

　　a transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees

　　一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机

　　③[uncountable ] the act of supplying sth 供应；供给；提供；补给

　　例：The UN has agreed to allow the supply of emergency aid.

　　联合国已同意允许提供紧急援助。

　　A stroke can disrupt the supply of oxygen to the brain.

　　中风可导致大脑供氧中断。

　　The electricity supply (= the system supplying electricity)had been cut off.电力供应被切断了。

　　Verb：( sup·plies , sup·ply·ing , sup·plied , sup·plied ) to provide sb/sth with sth that they need or want, especially in large quantities （尤指大量）供应，供给，提供

　　supply sth to sb/sth

　　例：Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.

　　一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。

　　Supply sb/sth with sth

　　例：Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。

　　Supply sb/sth

　　例：Local schools supply many of the volunteers.许多志愿者来自当地学校。foods supplying our daily vitamin needs为我们提供日常所需维生素的食物

　　afford, provide, supply 都有“提供，供给”的意思。

　　afford一般只用于抽象事物。

　　provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构，具体用法上文已给出。

　　形近词辨析

　　1. Imaginable & imaginary& imaginative

　　Imaginable

　　①used with superlatives, and with alland every,to emphasize that sth is the best, worst, etc. that you can imagine, or includes every possible example （与形容词最高级或与 all、every 连用，表示强调或概括）想像得到的

　　例：The house has the most spectacular views imaginable.

　　从这所房子可以看到所能想像的最壮丽的景色。

　　They stock every imaginable type of pasta.

　　他们备有各种能想到的意大利面食。

　　②possible to imagine 可想像的

　　例：These technological developments were hardly imaginable 30 years ago.这些科技新产品在 30 年前几乎是不可想象的

　　imaginary ：existing only in your mind or imagination 想像中的；幻想的；虚构的

　　例：imaginary fears想象中的恐惧

　　The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.

　　赤道是一条假想的环绕地球腰部的线。

　　imaginative ：having or showing new and exciting ideas 富于想象力的；创新的

　　例：an imaginative approach/idea/child有创意的方法╱思想╱孩子

　　Recipes that make imaginative use of seasonal vegetables

　　妙用时令蔬菜的菜谱

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