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CATTI英语笔译综合词汇学习42 | 近义词及形近词辨析

CATTI英语笔译综合词汇学习42 | 近义词及形近词辨析

作者:-- 来源:网络 发布时间:2020-08-10

  词汇及词组摘自CATTI指定教材《英语笔译综合能力2级》,解释及例句源来自牛津高阶英汉双解词典(简体) 第 8 版

  Catti英语笔译综合能力测试题中经常考察大家对于近义词以及形近词的理解与应用,有些词的意思相近,但却有一些细微的差别,而对于这些细微差别的理解就决定了选择题的正确与否;还有一类就是形式上看上去较为相似,但是意思却大相径庭,所以这类题目对一些同学来说较为棘手。

  征服这类题目不仅在于平时对于词汇的积累,更在于我们在备考时就能细心辨别这类词汇的差异并加以整理,从而不至于在考场中混淆。

  近义词辨析

  1. edge& border& margin

  edge 

  ① [countable ] the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the center 边;边缘;边线;边沿

  例:He stood on the edge of the cliff.

  他站在悬崖边上。

  a big house on/at the edge of town

  城边的一栋大房子

  Don't put that glass so near the edge of the table.

  别把那只玻璃杯放在离桌边太近的地方。

  ②  [countable ] the sharp part of a blade, knife or sword that is used for cutting 刀口;刀刃;利刃

  例:Be careful—it has a sharp edge.

  小心点,这刀刃很锋利。

  ③( usually the edge ) [singular ] the point at which sth, especially sth bad, may begin to happen (尤指灾难的)边缘

  例:They had brought the country to the edge of disaster.

  他们使国家濒临灾难。

  ④[singular ] a slight advantage over sb/sth (微弱的)优势

  例:The company needs to improve its competitive edge.

  公司需要提高它的竞争力。

  Edge on/over sb/sth

  例:They have the edge on us.他们略胜我们一筹。

  ⑤ [singular ] a strong, often exciting, quality 锐利;敏锐;尖锐

  例:Her show now has a hard political edge to it.

  她现在的表演具有强烈的政治性。

  ⑥ [singular ] a sharp tone of voice, often showing anger

  尖刻的声调;愤怒的语气

  例:He did his best to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to his voice.

  尽管他竭力保持镇静,话音里仍明显带有怒气。

  border 

  ①the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line 国界;边界;边疆;边界地区

  例:A national park on the border between Kenya and Tanzania

  位于肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚边界的国家公园

  Denmark's border with Germany

  丹麦和德国的国界线

  In the US, near the Canadian border

  在美国,接近加拿大边界

  ( figurative) It is difficult to define the border between love and friendship.

  爱情和友情之间的界线难以划清。

  ② a strip around the edge of sth such as a picture or a piece of cloth 镶边;包边

  例:a pillowcase with a lace border

  有花边的枕套

  Margin  

  ①the empty space at the side of a written or printed page 页边空白;白边

  例:the left-hand/right-hand margin左╱右页边

  a narrow/wide margin

  窄╱宽空白边

  notes scribbled in the margin

  随手写在页边上的笔记

  ②[usually singular ] the amount of time, or number of votes, etc. by which sb wins sth (获胜者在时间或票数上领先的)幅度,差额,差数

  例:He won by a narrow margin.

  他以微小的差额获胜。

  She beat the other runners by a margin of ten seconds.

  她以领先十秒的优势战胜了其他赛跑者。

  ③( business 商 ) = profit margin

  例:What are your average operating margins?

  你的平均营业利润率是多少?

  a gross margin of 45%  45% 的毛利

  ④[usually singular ] an extra amount of sth such as time, space, money, etc. that you include in order to make sure that sth is successful

  余地;备用的时间(或空间、金钱等)

  例:a safety margin安全距离

  The narrow gateway left me little margin for error as I reversed the car.

  门口狭窄,弄得我倒车时几乎不能出任何差错。

  ⑤( formal) the extreme edge or limit of a place 边缘;极限;界限

  例:the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean

  印度洋的东岸

  ⑥ [usually plural ] the part that is not included in the main part of a group or situation 边缘部份;非主体部份

  例:people living on the margins of society

  生活在社会边缘的人

  这些形容词均含有“边,边缘”之意

  Edge  普通用词,指较窄的 边缘

  Border  侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上,指较宽的边缘,也可指边缘本身

  Margin  指物体的 空白边

  形近词辨析

  1. respectable & respective & respectful

  respectable  

  ①considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct 体面的;得体的;值得尊敬的

  例:a highly respectable neighborhood

  非常体面的城区

  a respectable married man

  正派的已婚男子

  Go and make yourself look respectable.去

  把自己弄得体面点儿。

  ②fairly good; that there is not reason to be ashamed of 相当好的;不丢面子的

  例:a perfectly respectable result非常好的结果

  respective 

  [only before noun ] belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned 分别的;各自的

  例:They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields.

  他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。

  The respective roles of men and women in society

  男女在社会中各自的角色

  respectful 

  showing or feeling respect 表示敬意的;尊敬的

  例:The onlookers stood at a respectful distance.

  旁观者站在一定的距离之外,以示尊敬。

  We were brought up to be respectful of authority.

  我们从小就学会了尊重权威。

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