课程分类
词汇及词组摘自CATTI指定教材《英语笔译综合能力2级》,解释及例句源来自牛津高阶英汉双解词典(简体) 第 8 版
Catti英语笔译综合能力测练习题 中经察大家对于近义词以及形近词的理解与应用,有些词的意思相近,但却有一些细微的差别,而对于这些细微差别的理解就决定了选择题的正确与否;还有一类就是形式上看上去较为相似,但是意思却大相径庭,所以这类题目对一些同学来说较为棘手。
征服这类题目不仅在于平时对于词汇的积累,更在于我们在备考时就能细心辨别这类词汇的差异并加以整理,从而不至于在考场中混淆。
近义词辨析
earnings / allowance / income / salary / wage
earnings
①the money that you earn for the work that you do 薪水;工资;收入
例:A rise in average earnings
平均收入的增加
Compensation for loss of earnings caused by the accident
由于事故造成收入损失的赔偿
②the profit that a company makes 利润;收益;盈利
例:earnings per share每股收益
export earnings出口利润
allowance:
①an amount of money that is given to sb regularly or for a particular purpose 津贴;补贴;补助
例:an allowance of $20 a day每天 20 元补贴
a clothing/living/travel allowance服装╱生活╱交通补贴
②the amount of sth that is allowed in a particular situation 限额;定量
例:a baggage allowance of 20 kilos
行李限重 20 公斤
③( BrE) an amount of money that can be earned or received before you start paying tax 免税额
例:personal tax allowances个人所得免税额
④especially (NAmE) = pocket money零花钱
【IDIOMS】①make allowance(s) for sth
to consider sth, for example when you are making a decision or planning sth 考虑到,估计到(如在制订决策或计划时)
例:The budget made allowance for inflation.预算考虑到了通货膨胀。
②make allowances (for sb)
to allow sb to behave in a way that you would not usually accept, because of a problem or because there is a special reason 体谅;谅解
income :the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. Earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc. 收入;收益;所得
例:They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services.
他们一部份的收入来自出售货品和各种服务所得。
Tourism is a major source of income for the area.
旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。
higher/middle/lower income groups较高╱中等╱较低收入阶层
salary ( plural salaries ) money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month 薪金,薪水(尤指按月发放的)
例:an annual salary of $40?000*4 万元的年薪
a 9% salary increase加薪 9%
She's on a salary of£24?000 她的薪金是 24?000 英镑。
wage /we?d?/ a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services (通常指按周领的)工资,工钱
例:wages of £200 a week一星期 200 英镑的工资
a weekly wageof £200周薪 200 英镑
wage cuts减薪
a wage increaseof 3%*3% 的加薪
总结:
这些名词都可以表示“工资、收入”之意。
Earnings 多指劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。
Allowance 指收入中的补贴部分。
Income 和 earnings含义相近,但前者强调总收入。
Salary 多指脑力劳动者所得到的工资、薪水,通常按月,有时按极季或年结算。
Wage 多指简单劳动或者体力劳动所得到的工资、工钱,通常按周、日等短期计算。
形近词辨析 considerate & considerable
considerate :always thinking of other people's wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others 考虑周到的;为(他人)着想的;体谅的;体贴的
例:She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.
她对待雇员总是客客气气,关心体谅。
It was very considerate of him to wait.
他一直在等候着,真是体贴。
反义词:
inconsiderate:( disapproving) not giving enough thought to other people's feelings or needs 不为别人着想的;不体谅别人的;考虑不周的
例:Inconsiderate behavior
考虑不周的行为
It was inconsiderate of you not to call.
你连个电话也不打,不够体谅人。
considerable/ k?n?s?d?r?bl /:( rather formal) great in amount, size, importance, etc. 相当多(或大、重要等)的
① the ability to keep increasing or developing 推进力;动力;势头
例:The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.
那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。
Damage to the building was considerable.
对这栋建筑物的损坏相当严重。
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