词汇及词组摘自CATTI指定教材《英语笔译综合能力2级》，解释及例句源来自牛津高阶英汉双解词典(简体) 第 8 版
Catti英语笔译综合能力测练习题 中经察大家对于近义词以及形近词的理解与应用，有些词的意思相近，但却有一些细微的差别，而对于这些细微差别的理解就决定了选择题的正确与否；还有一类就是形式上看上去较为相似，但是意思却大相径庭，所以这类题目对一些同学来说较为棘手。
征服这类题目不仅在于平时对于词汇的积累，更在于我们在备考时就能细心辨别这类词汇的差异并加以整理，从而不至于在考场中混淆。
近义词辨析
1. empty & vacant & hollow & blank
empty
①with no people or things inside 空的
例：an empty box/glass空盒╱杯
empty hands (= not holding anything)空手
an empty plate (= with no food on it)空盘子
The theatre was half empty. 剧场空了一半。
词组：empty of sth
例：The room was empty of furniture.
房间里什么家具都没有。
② [usually before noun ] (of sth that sb says or does 言语或行动 ) with no meaning; not meaning what is said 空洞的；说话不算数的；无诚意的
例：empty words空话
an empty promise兑现不了的承诺
an empty gesture aimed at pleasing the crowds
旨在取悦观众的装腔作势
③ (of a person, or a person's life 人或其生活 ) unhappy because life does not seem to have a purpose, usually after sth sad has happened 空虚的；无意义的；无目的的
例：Three months after his death, she still felt empty.、
他死后三个月她仍然感到心里很空虚。
My life seems empty without you.
没有你，我的生活似乎就没有了意义。
vacant
① (of a seat, hotel room, house, etc. 座位、旅馆房间、房屋等) empty; not being used 空着的；未被占用的
例：vacant properties未被占用的房地产
The seat next to him was vacant.他旁边的座位空着。
a vacant lot (= a piece of land in a city that is not being used)
一块闲置的地皮
近义词：unoccupied / ??n?ɑ?kjupa?d /：empty, with nobody living there or using it 空着的；闲置的；无人占用的
例：an unoccupied house闲置的房屋
I sat down at the nearest unoccupied table.
我在近的一张空桌旁坐了下来。
②( formal) if a job in a company is vacant,nobody is doing it and it is available for sb to take （职位）空缺的
例：When the post finally fell (= became)vacant, they offered it to Fiona. 这个职位终空出来之后，他们给了菲奥纳。
( BrE) Situations Vacant (= a section in a newspaper where jobs are advertised)招聘广告栏目
③(of a look, an expression, etc. 目光、表情等 ) showing no sign that the person is thinking of anything 无神的；呆滞的；茫然的；若有所失的 例：a vacant look呆滞的目光
Hollow
① having a hole or empty space inside 中空的；空心的
例a hollow ball/center/tube中空的球╱中心部位╱管子
The tree trunk was hollow inside.这树干里面是空的。
Her stomach felt hollow with fear.她吓得魂不附体。
② (of parts of the face 脸上的部位 ) sinking deeply into the face 凹陷的
例：hollow eyes/cheeks
凹陷的双眼╱双颊
hollow-eyed from lack of sleep因缺乏睡眠而双眼凹陷的
③[usually before noun ] (of sounds 声音 ) making a low sound like that made by an empty object when it is hit 沉闷回荡的；空响的
例：a hollow groan低沉的呻吟
④[usually before noun ] not sincere 无诚意的；虚伪的
例：hollow promises/threats空洞的许诺；虚张声势的威胁
a hollow laugh干笑
Their appeals for an end to the violence had a hollow ring.
他们要求停止使用暴力的呼吁并不真切。
⑤[usually before noun ] without real value 无真正价值的
例：to win a hollow victory取得表面胜利
Blank/ bl??k /
①empty, with nothing written, printed or recorded on it 空白的
例：Sign your name in the blank space below.
把名字签在下面的空白处。
a blank CD空白光盘
Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side blank.写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。
She turned to a blank page in her notebook.
她翻开笔记本的一张空白页。
②(of a wall or screen 墙壁或屏幕 ) empty; with no pictures, marks or decoration 空的；无图画（或标记、装饰）的
例：blank whitewashed walls光秃秃的白灰墙
Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。
③ showing no feeling, understanding or interest 没表情的；不理解的；不感兴趣的
例：She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
她一脸木然地盯着我。
Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说他不知道我在说什么。
Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could not remember anything).我脑子里突然一片空白。
④[only before noun ] (of negative things 否定的事情 )complete and total 完全的；彻底的
例：a blank refusal/denial断然拒绝╱否认
这些词都有“空的“之意
Empty指空无一人或一物，或空洞无物之意
Vacant侧重某物或者某个位置没有被占用
Hollow指物体中间是空的
Blank指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号地空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处
形近词辨析
1. sensible& sensitive
sensible
① (of people and their behavior 人及行为 ) able to make good judgments based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practical 明智的；理智的；合理的；切合实际的
例：She's a sensible sort of person.
她属于那种通情达理的人。
I think that's a very sensible idea.
我看这个主意很妥当。
Say something sensible.说点正经的。
I think the sensible thing would be to take a taxi home.
我想还是坐出租车回家比较好。
②(of clothes, etc. 服装等 ) useful rather than fashionable 朴素而实用的
例：sensible shoes朴实而舒适的鞋
③ ( formal or literary) aware of sth 意识到；认识到
例：I am sensible of the fact that mathematics is not a popular subject.我知道数学课不受欢迎。
sensitive
①aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings 体贴的；体恤的；善解人意的
例：a sensitive and caring man体贴的男人
词组：sensitive to sth
例：She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.她很能体谅他人的感情。
② able to understand art, music and literature and to express yourself through them 感觉敏锐的；艺术感觉好的；有悟性的
例：An actor's sensitive reading of the poem
演员对那首诗富有表现力的朗诵
a sensitive portrait栩栩如生的画像
③ easily offended or upset 易生气的；易被惹恼的；神经过敏的
例：You're far too sensitive.你也太敏感了。
词组：Sensitive about sth
例：He's very sensitive about his weight.他很忌讳别人说他胖。
Sensitive to sth
She's very sensitive to criticism.她一听批评就急。
④ that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry or embarrassed 须谨慎对待的；敏感的
例：Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
医疗卫生是一个政治敏感问题。
⑤ reacting quickly or more than usual to sth 敏感的；过敏的
例：sensitive areas of the body身体的敏感区、
词组：sensitive to sth
例：My teeth are very sensitive to cold food.
我的牙齿对冷食过敏。
⑥sensitive(to sth) able to measure very small changes 灵敏的
例：a sensitive instrument灵敏的仪器
( figurative) The Stock Exchange is very sensitive to political change.证券市场对政局变化非常敏感。
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