中考英语易错知识点：动词时态的判断技巧如下

　　1.根据时间状语与时态的对应关系确定时态：

　　动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起,如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时;由so far, in the past three years, till now可知要用完成时等等。

　　[例1]

　　Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?一No, because _ _ _the story.

　　A. read

　　B. will read

　　C. have read

　　D. was reading

　　[解析]考查动词的时态。句意:你对影片的结尾感到惊讶吗?不，因为我读过这个故事。根据句意句子应用现在完成时，故选C。[答案] C

　　[例2] Dad_ _the USA in two weeks.

　　A. is leave for

　　B. leaves for

　　C. is leaving for

　　D. left for

　　[解析]考查动词的时态。"in+时间段"是一般将来时的标志,leave等表示地点位置转移的动词的进行时态可以表达将来含义。故选C。[答案]

　　2.根据固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系确定时态：

　　在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系。如:

　　(1)在"祈使句+and/or+陈述句"句型中,陈述句中用will表示的一般将来时;

　　(2)was/were about to do... when... 或was/ were doing... when... 或was/were on the point of doing... when...句型中,when分句的谓语动词用一般过去时;

　　(3)主将从现原则。即:如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间和条件状语从句用一般现在时。

　　[例1]

　　If farmers _ trees and forests, giant pandas_ _nowhere to live.

　　A. cut down; have

　　B. will cut down; will have

　　C. will cut don; have

　　D. cut down; will have

　　(解析]考查主句与从句的时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，所以选D。[答案] D

　　[例2]

　　What_ _you_ _when the captain

　　came in?

　　A. are; doing

　　B. did; do

　　C. were; doing

　　[解析]考查过去进行时态。根据时间状语从句"when the captain came in" 可知句意为:队长来的时候你在干什么?时间状语为一般过去时态，所以主句要用过去进行时态，故选C。[答案] C

　　3.动词短语

　　动词+副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时如果是代词做宾语的话,必须把代词放在动词和副词之间。动词短语比较复杂，需要熟记。

　　[例]

　　Smoking is bad for your health. You'd better__

　　A. set it up

　　B. give it up

　　C. pick it up

　　D. look it up

　　[解析]考查动词短语的用法。该句表示建议,因为抽烟有害,建议放弃,不是建立、捡起或查找。故选B。[答案] B

　　4.根据上下语境来确定时态

　　在绝大多数情况下，动词的时态是由上下文来决定的，这就要求我们一方面要熟记各种时态的适用范围，另一方面要求我们注意上下文的提示。

　　[例题]

　　-What does Tom's uncle do?

　　He is a teacher. He_ _ physics at a school now.

　　A. will teach

　　B. has taught

　　C. teaches

　　D. taught

　　[解析]考查动词的时态。句意:--汤姆的叔叔是干什么的?--他是一名老师。他现在在一所学校教物理。"根据问句时态以及时间状语now可以判断用一般现在时。故选C。[答案] C

　　专项训练

　　1. Tom_ _there for 10 months since he__back to his hometown.

　　A. has lived; gets

　　B. has lived; got

　　C. lived; go

　　D. lived; has got

　　2. -Where is your father?

　　He_ Shanghai on business for several days.

　　A. has been to

　　B. has gone to

　　C. has been in

　　D. has left for

　　3. -Do you know the young man well?

　　Sure, we_ _friends since we met in Nanjing three years ago.

　　A. have been

　　B. were

　　C. have made

　　D. have become

　　4. Let's go to Yang Mei keng to enjoy the cool wind,_______ ?

　　Good idea. But | am afraid we can't go there ifit_

　　A. will you; rains

　　B. will you; will rain

　　C. shall we; will rain

　　D. shall we; rains

　　5. Mr Black_ _Shanghai this afternoon. Do you know when the earliest plane to Shanghai

　　A. is leaving for; takes off

　　B. will leave; takes off

　　C. is leaving for; is taking off

　　D. will leave; is taking off

　　6. Tim will call me as soon as he_ _ my package.

　　A. receive

　　B. will receive

　　C. received

　　D. receives

　　7.Dear,you need to _ _to go to university at home or go abroad.

　　OK, Mum. I am considering it.

　　A. make an appointment

　　B. make a suggestion

　　C. make a decision

　　8. Don't_ _ up English. It's very useful.

　　A. give

　　B. hurry

　　C. stay

　　9. l need a new jacket. This one doesn't_ _the cold.

　　A. help out

　　B. take away

　　C. keep out

　　D. give away

　　10.We have to_ _our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain.

　　A. take off

　　B. get off

　　C. put off

　　D. set off

　　11.Chinese people _ _keep pigs for focd. But now some people keep them as pets.

　　A. used to

　　B. has to

　　C. had better

　　12. _ _ _your name on the paper and you can get a gift.

　　A. Cut down

　　B. Look down

　　C. Turn down

　　D. Put down .

　　13. He failed in the basketball match and looks sad. Let's_ _ _.

　　A. put him up

　　B. set him up

　　C. cheer him up

　　D. clean him up

　　14.The sports meeting will be_ _ because of the bad weather.

　　A. put on

　　B. put off

　　C. put up

　　D. put down

　　答案与解析

　　1. B解析:考查动词时态的用法。由连词since引导时间状语从句应该用一般过去时态，主句要用现在完成时态。故选B。

　　2. C解析:考查have/has been in的用法。A项到某地去过;B项到某地去了;C项到某地去过--段时间;D项已经离开。由句意"他来上海做生意好几天了"判断,应该用has been in。故选C。

　　3. A解析:考查动词的辨析用法。由从句中的连词判断,从句用一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态。因为从三年前在南京就是好朋友，不是通过交朋友或成为朋友，所以排除B、C、D三项。故选A。

　　4.D 解析:考查交际应答和时态的用法。疑问句Let's...表示建议，应该用Shall we?来提问。应答句是if引导的条件状语从句，根据主将从现原则，故选D。

　　5. A解析:考查动词时态的用法。由第一句中的时间状语"thisafternoon"判断谓语动词用现在进行时态表示将要发生的动作,故选is leaving for。下一句表示习惯性的动作，应该用一般现在时态。故选A。

　　6. D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:蒂姆一收到我的包裹就会给我打电话。as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数,故动词用三单形式。

　　7. C解析:考查动词短语的辨析。句意:--宝贝,你需要做一个决定在国内上大学还是出国。一一好的，妈妈。我正在考虑。make an appointment约会;make a suggestion提建议;make a decision做决定。根据句意选C

　　8. A解析:考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;hurry up快点;stay up熬夜。句意:不要放弃英语，它很重要。

　　9. C解析:考查动词短语的辨析。句意:我需要一件新夹克，这一件不能抵挡寒冷。help out帮助克服困难;takeaway带走;keepout挡在外面;give away捐赠。根据句意选C。

　　10.C 解析:考查动词短语辨析。take off起飞;get off下车;put off推迟;set off出发。句意:因为下大雨，我们必须推迟运动会到下周。只有put off具有"推迟"意思，故选C。

　　11. A解析:考查动词短语的辨析。句意:中国人过去喂养猪做食物，但是现在一些人把它们当宠物养。used to过去常常;hasto不得不;had better最好。根据句意选A。

　　12.D 解析:考查动词短语辨析。cut down"砍倒";look down" 看不起";turn down" 关上";put down"写下"。句意:写下你的名字你就可以得到一个礼物。故选D。

（责任编辑：李继伟）