今天我们一起看看，GMAT备考相关的基础语法之代词指代篇。

　　一、查找方法

　　1. 层次化读句子，在相对主干上找指代

　　2.并列句或主从句，主语对应去找，宾语就近找

　　示例

　　In ancient Thailand,much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.

　　二、判断正误步骤

　　第一步，根据查找方法寻找代词语法所指的先行词。如果找不到先行词，指代错误。如果找到先行词，进入第二步。

　　第二步，比较代词语法所指先行词与逻辑意思是否匹配，如果不匹配，指代错误。如果匹配，指代正确。

　　找不到先行词（1）：先行词必须存在

　　错误表达示例

　　The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires，which would be devastating to it.

　　错误表达修正

　　The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires，which would be devastating to the park.

　　找不到先行词（2）：代词与先行词在单复数上必须一致

　　错误表达示例

　　Confronted by radical changes in production and distribution，modern Hollywood studios are attempting various experiments in an effort to retain its status as the primary arbiter of movie consumption.

　　语法所指和逻辑意思必须一致

　　错误表达示例

　　The intricate structure of the compound insect eye，having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia，helps explain why scientists have assumed that they evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.

　　三、this，that，these和those

　　1.this，that，these和those在句子中不能“裸奔”

　　错误表达示例

　　Her products are unusual；many consider these unique.

　　错误表达修正

　　Her products are unusual；many consider them unique.

　　2. that或those可以表示先行词的一个新copy，避免重复

　　示例

　　The money spent by her parents is less than that spent by her children.

　　3.that或those表明新copy的时候一定要前后完全一致（包括单复数），否则需要重复先行词

　　错误表达示例

　　Her company is outperforming those of her competitors.

　　错误表达修正

　　Her company is outperforming the companies of her competitors.

　　四、it做形式主语或宾语

　　1.不定式做主语，通常用it作形式主语

　　示例

　　It is futile to resist temptation.

　　2.that从句做主语，通常用it作形式主语

　　示例

　　It gave us encouragement that we scored at all.

　　3.不定式滞后或that从句做宾语，用it作形式宾语

　　示例

　　She made it possible for us to attend the movie.

　　五、概括性名词指代先行词

　　用概括性名词指代先行词，避免指代不清

　　错误表达示例

　　After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang it from.

　　错误表达修正

　　After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang the meat from.

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