今天我们一起看看,GMAT备考相关的基础语法之比较结构篇。
一、什么是比较结构?
比较结构是一种特殊的平行结构,通常同于比较两个或两个以上的人、事、物或行为、性质、特征、外形、数量等的相互对比
错误表达示例
Beethoven's music,which broke a number of established rules with its structure and melodic form,is considered more revolutionary than Bach.
错误表达修正
Beethoven's music,which broke a number of established rules with its structure and melodic form,is considered more revolutionary than that of Bach.
二、比较结构的标志词
like
unlike
more than
less than
faster than
different from
in contrast to/with
as
as (adj.) as
as much as
as little as
as fast as
三、比较结构的省略
能省则省
1.比较从句谓语与主句谓语相同,可用do、did或does代替
示例
I ate more apples than Li Lei did.
2.从句系动词be与主句系动词be相同,可以省略be,也可以不省略,甚至可以倒装。
示例
I am taller than Li Lei (is).
3.主动谓语动词短语使用助动词时,比较从句往往省略verb,保留助动词
示例
Ican eat more food than Li Lei can (eat).
4.从句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语相同时,可以全部省略,常常保留状语的介词短语或状语从句
示例
I walk as fast now as(I walked) when I was younger.
5.从句的主语与主句主语相同,可以省略
示例
The house was as clean as (it) could be.
6.省略后不能有歧义
错误表达示例
I love Li Lei more than Han Meimei.
错误表达修正
I love Li Lei more than Han Meimei does.
I love Li Lei more than love Han Meimei.
7.省略后可以还原
错误表达示例
To better understand the universe,scientists would have to know more than now.
错误表达修正
To better understand the universe,scientists would have to know more than they do now.
四、like,unlike和as
1.like是介词,后面只能跟名词、代词、名词短语或者动名词;不能跟从句或者介词短语
错误表达示例
Like her brother did,Nicole aced the test.
错误表达修正
As her brother did,Nicole aced the test.
2.like可以表示与…相似或以相似的方式,like引导的介词短语可以修饰名词或动词
示例
I want to coach divers,like James.
3.unlike引导的介词短语可以修饰名词或动词
示例
Most materials under a wide range of conditions resist the flow of electric current to some degree,unlike superconductors,which demonstrate zero electrical resistance.
4.as作介词时不是[像]的意思,是[作为]的意思
示例
I will jump up as a clown.
五、其他比较结构
1.语义上具有比较或对比的词(exceed,surpass),也要求比较对象在结构和逻辑上具有可比性
错误表达示例
The incidence of the disease among men exceeds women.
错误表达修正
The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
2.in addition to在句首用于对主语或宾语的举例,对象不要求在逻辑上具有可比性
示例
In addition to taxes,death is inevitable.
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