1. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.

　　要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

　　2. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

　　教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

　　3. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

　　4. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.

　　Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.

　　结论：政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持，来保证其繁荣发展。

　　原因：一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

　　5. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

　　在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

　　6. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.

　　有些人认为政府对艺术的资助是有必要的，资助能够保证艺术繁荣发展，并且让所有人享受艺术。也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。

　　Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.

　　7. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.

　　Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.

　　结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。

　　原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

　　8. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.

　　任何研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your

　　position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

　　9. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.

　　国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状，即便这些地区可以用作商业开发。

　　Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

　　10. People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

　　人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

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