前几天的“官宣体”被撒了成吨的狗粮，是时候关爱下“单身族”、“孤独患者”们啦！

　　热闹都市的背后，你是否曾感到孤独？你是否在等待被治愈······

　　现代人的心理健康相关问题一直被大众所忽视，但值得关注的是每四个人中就有一人，会在人生中的某个阶段遭受心理健康问题的折磨。下面素材《经济学人》给出了“心理问题愈发被重视”，“心理问题会带给人们哪些负面影响”，以及“健康组织为缓解心理问题做出了哪些尝试”的相关报道。我们来一起了解下《经济学人》对“孤独”的一些探讨和发现吧！

　　文章来源：《经济学人》2018年9月1日期刊International板块

　　Alone in the crowd

　　Loneliness is increasingly being treated as a serious public-health problem

　　Sep 1st 2018

　　原文：

　　LONDON, says Tony Dennis, a 62-year-old security guard, is a city of “sociable loners”. Residents want to get to know each other but have few ways to do so. Recently, doctors and policymakers in the rich world are increasingly worried about loneliness. Campaigns to reduce it have been launched in Britain, Denmark and Australia.

　　参考译文：

　　“伦敦, 是一个孤独城市”。一个62岁的保安, 托尼丹尼斯这样说道。居民们其实很希望能够多了解彼此，但没有什么机会。目前，富裕国家的医生和决策者们越来越担心孤独人群。英国、丹麦和澳大利亚这些国家已经开展了减少孤独感的宣传活动。

　　原文：

　　Small-scale studies have found correlations between loneliness and isolation, and a range of health problems, including heart attacks, strokes, cancers, eating disorders, drug abuse, sleep deprivation, depression, alcoholism and anxiety. Some research suggests that the lonely are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline and a quicker progress of Alzheimer’s disease.

　　参考译文：

　　小规模研究已发现了“孤独、孤僻”和“一系列健康问题”之间的相关性，这些健康问题包括：心脏病发作、中风、癌症、饮食失调、吸毒、失眠、抑郁症、酗酒和焦虑。一些研究表明, 孤独症人群更容易遭受认知能力下降以及阿尔茨海默病（老年痴呆）病情提前。

　　原文：

　　Scientists are sure that technology can reduce loneliness. Health-care providers are experimenting with virtual reality (VR). In America UCHealth is conducting trials of VR therapy that allow some cancer patients to have “bucket list” experiences, such as skiing in Colorado.

　　参考译文：

　　科学家们相信科技可以减少人们的孤独感。卫生保健提供商正在做虚拟现实 (VR)测试。在美国, UCHealth 正在进行 VR 疗法的试验, 这种疗法可以丰富癌症患者体验，比如在科罗拉多州滑雪。

　　原文：

　　As technology becomes more human it may be able to do more and more to substitute for human relationships. In the meantime, services that offer human contact to the lonely will thrive. In Japan this manifests itself in agencies and apps that allow you to rent a family or a friend- a girlfriend for a singleton, or simply a companion to watch TV with.

　　参考译文：

　　随着技术变得更加人性化, 它可能会逐渐取代人际关系。同时, 让孤独人群可以与更多人联系的相关服务也将会蓬勃发展。日本很多机构和手机应用软件就是活生生的例子，用户可以在这些平台上租一个家人或朋友-比如一个单身男士租个女朋友, 或者找一个一起看电视的伴儿。

　　（看到这里，大家可能会很震惊。其实这些产品以及服务并不只是在日本出现过，美国和英国目前也为孤独人群提供很多求助热线服务平台。但在心理健康面前，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，我们仍有很多问题需要解决，还有很长的路要走。There is a long way to go. 希望孤独患者们被更早治愈······）

　　素材赏析

　　—好词—

　　research

　　1）词性：n. 注意research是不可数名词

　　2）释义：研究

　　the collecting of information about a particular subject

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　do/be engaged in research

　　做/从事研究

　　suffer

　　1）词性：v.

　　2）释义：患病

　　to endure death, pain, or distress

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　suffer from 患有···病

　　4）例句：

　　Investigators also discovered that Vera had recently been suffering from depression.

　　释义：调查人员还发现薇拉最近患了抑郁症。

　　来源：Amy Lieu, Fox News, "California mom drowns two children, hangs self, police say," 13 July 2018

　　Jalen was worried before the surgery and suffered from anxiety.

　　释义：Jalen手术前特别担心，很焦虑。

　　来源： Caitlin O'kane, CBS News, "Police officers and K9s join boy with tumor to pray before his brain surgery," 13 July 2018

　　conduct

　　1）词性：v.

　　2）释义：进行、经营

　　to direct or take part in the operation or management of ···

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　conduct an experiment 进行试验

　　conduct an investigation 进行调查

　　conduct a business 经营生意

　　4）例句：

　　Police are conducting a crash reconstruction investigation.

　　译文：警察正在进行重现撞车事故情形的调查

　　来源：Margeaux Sippell, BostonGlobe.com, "Medfield man killed in motorcycle crash in Walpole," 14 July 2018

　　substitute

　　1）词性：v.

　　2）释义：代替

　　to take the place of

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　substitute for sth.

　　代替某事物

　　4）例句：

　　The bill, sponsored by Councilman Ryan Dorsey, would substitute more flexible guidelines for the Appendix D of the International Fire Code, which requires 20- and 26-foot street clearances for fire access.

　　译文：该法案是由议员瑞安提出的, 它将取代更灵活的《国际防火法典》附录 D 的准则, 这项规定需要20英尺和26尺的街道通关才能进入防火通道。

　　来源：Colin Campbell, baltimoresun.com, "City Council to pass fire code change unless agencies move on stalled developments, bike lanes," 21 June 2018

　　—好短语（地道搭配）—

　　1：security guard 保安

　　2：be increasingly worried about 越来越担心···

　　3：small-scale 小规模

　　4：correlations between A and B  A和B之间的相关性

　　5：a range of 一系列

　　6：heart attacks 心脏病发作

　　7：strokes 中风

　　8：eating disorders 饮食失调

　　9：drug abuse 吸毒

　　10：sleep deprivation 失眠

　　11：depression 抑郁症

　　12：alcoholism酗酒

　　11：anxiety 焦虑

　　12：the lonely 孤独人群（the+adj. 可以表示一类人）

　　13：be more likely to do 更有可能做某事

　　14：virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实

　　15：be able to do sth. 能做某事

　　16：In the meantime 与此同时

　　—好句—

　　1：插入语

　　LONDON, says Tony Dennis, a 62-year-old security guard, is a city of “sociable loners”.

　　Small-scale studies have found correlations between loneliness and isolation, and a range of health problems,including heart attacks, strokes, cancers, eating disorders, drug abuse, sleep deprivation, depression, alcoholism and anxiety.

　　2：定语从句

　　In the meantime, services that offer human contact to the lonelywill thrive.

　　In Japan this manifests itself in agencies and apps that allow you to rent a family or a friend- a girlfriend for a singleton, or simply a companion to watch TV with.

　　—好素材（作文论据）—

　　托福作文素材：

　　Small-scale studies have found correlations between loneliness and isolation, and a range of health problems, including heart attacks, strokes, cancers, eating disorders, drug abuse, sleep deprivation, depression, alcoholism and anxiety. Some research suggests that the lonely are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline and a quicker progress of Alzheimer’s disease.

　　健康类话题属于托福写作的高频考题之一，提到健康，大家经常会想到身体健康，其实心理健康也是很好的破题思路。目前，很多学校鼓励学生多参加各种社交活动，多接触更多人结交更多朋友，培养学生社交能力的同时，也促进心理健康发展，避免学生出现过于孤僻的性格。如果学生几乎没有社交，这对他们的发展很不利，严重影响学生的心理健康发展。上面素材提到的焦虑、失眠、抑郁可以直接运用在作文中啦。

　　托福写作相关题目：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smart phone, video games, for fun and entertainment; playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children’s development.

　　2017年9月16日（重复2016年2月28日）

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