导语：

　　上周刚从西班牙飞回国的我落地北京往机窗外望去的那一刻，整个人都惊呆了！！！

　　只离京一周，雾霾怎么突然这么严重了？？？

　　关于“环境话题”，我们在第二期中分享过政府在解决全球变暖问题方面都做了些什么。这期我们继续探讨环境类话题，聊聊雾霾对人们身体的影响？据说会让你的头脑中毒，我们来一起看看《经济学人》给出的研究发现了解下事实的真相吧！

　　《经济学人》第五期赏析内容：

　　文章来源：《经济学人》2018年9月1日期刊

　　Science and technology 板块

　　A poisoned mind

　　Air pollution

　　Sep 1st 2018

　　原文：

　　Older men are more prone to cognitive impairment from dirty air.

　　参考译文：

　　年长男性更容易因污浊空气损伤认知能力。

　　原文：

　　Living under thick layers of smog is known to cause illness and reduce life expectancy. The new study is by Xiaobo Zhang, Xin Zhang and Xi Chen of Peking University, in China. When Dr Zhang returned to China in 2012, after teaching in America, he found it difficult to concentrate during days when the air in Beijing was heavily polluted. He knew from previous research conducted by another lab that young students living in polluted areas performed more poorly in exams, but there was no exploration of whether this held true for a broader population.

　　参考译文：

　　众所周知, 生活在重重雾霾下会导致疾病, 降低预期寿命。这项新研究由北京大学的张晓波、张新和陈西共同完成。张晓波曾在美国任教，2012年张博士回国后, 他发现，在北京空气污染严重的日子里他很难集中注意力。他从另一个实验室以前做过的一项研究中得知, 生活在受污染地区的年轻学生考试成绩更差。但并没有其他研究显示空气污染是否对更广泛的人群有同样的影响。

　　原文：

　　As they report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers showed that chronic exposure to pollution lowered the scores on the verbal tests, and that the higher the pollution levels were the more the scores dropped.

　　参考译文：

　　发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究论文显示，长期暴露在空气污染中导致语言测试的得分降低，污染程度越高，得分下跌越多。

　　原文：

　　The effects were particularly dramatic in older men who had no education beyond primary school. Precisely why the mathematics scores barely changed, and why men were harmed most, remains unclear. Dr Zhang speculates that pollutant damage is probably accumulating in the white matter of the brain, which people depend upon more heavily for verbal tasks; and men have less white matter than women. It is possible, too, that men with a poor education may work outside, and are thus more exposed to air pollution. Whatever the reasons, the results ought to be food for thought in polluted cities everywhere.

　　参考译文：

　　这种影响在初中以下文化程度的年长男性身上尤为显著。究竟为何数学成绩几乎没有变化、为何男性受到的伤害更大，原因仍不清楚。张博士推测，污染物造成的损害可能会在更多执行语言任务的脑白质中积累，而男性的脑白质比女性少。另一个可能的原因是受教育水平较低的人可能更多在户外工作，因此更容易受到空气污染的影响。无论原因是什么，这个研究结果应该引起世界各地受污染城市的深思。

　　下面为大家整理出在托福写作中可以使用的语言表达和素材论据，快来积累下吧。

　　素材赏析：

　　一：好词

　　1：impairment

　　1）词性：n.

　　2）释义：损伤

　　the state of diminishing in function, ability, or quality

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　mental impairment 智力低下

　　physical impairment 身体损伤

　　visual impairment 视力损伤

　　来源：Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus

　　2：conduct

　　1）词性：v.

　　2）释义：进行、经营

　　to direct or take part in the operation or management of ···

　　来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

　　3）词组搭配

　　conduct an experiment 进行试验

　　conduct an investigation 进行调查

　　conduct a business 经营生意

　　4）例句：

　　Police are conducting a crash reconstruction investigation.

　　译文：警察正在进行重现撞车事故情形的调查

　　来源：Margeaux Sippell, BostonGlobe.com, "Medfield man killed in motorcycle crash in Walpole," 14 July 2018

　　3：drop

　　1）词性：v.

　　2）释义：下降

　　make or become lower, weaker, or less

　　来源：Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus

　　3）同义词拓展

　　decrease, reduce, diminish, fall, decline

　　来源：Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus

　　二：好短语（地道搭配）

　　1：be more prone to 更容易遭受某事

　　2：thick layers of smog 重重雾霾

　　3：life expectancy 预期寿命

　　4：be heavily polluted 受严重污染

　　5：perform more poorly in exams 考试成绩更差

　　6：chronic exposure to pollution 长期暴露在空气污染中

　　7：be exposed to air pollution 暴露在空气污染中

　　8：men with a poor education 受教育水平较低的人

　　三：好句

　　1：被动句

　　He found it difficult to concentrate during days when the air in Beijing was heavily polluted.

　　2：比较结构

　　The higher the pollution levels were the more the scores dropped.

　　3：定语从句

　　The effects were particularly dramatic in older men who had no education beyond primary school.

　　四：好素材（作文论据）

　　托福作文素材：

　　Living under thick layers of smog is known to cause illness and reduce life expectancy. The new study is by Xiaobo Zhang, Xin Zhang and Xi Chen of Peking University, in China. When Dr Zhang returned to China in 2012, after teaching in America, he found it difficult to concentrate during days when the air in Beijing was heavily polluted. Older men are more prone to cognitive impairment from dirty air.

　　环境类话题作为托福写作的高频考题之一，出题点通常和“环境与健康”相关，中毒污染下的环境到底对人们的健康造成哪些影响，以上素材，小伙伴儿们可以灵活运用下哦！

　　托福写作相关题目：

　　The most important ways to improve the people’s health is to clean the environment. 2017年12月16日

　　最近外出的小伙伴儿们记得带好口罩哦！

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