了解GRE考试或者英文比较好的人对以下词或词组应该都有一定的了解：

while/whereas/although/even though/though/however/but/yet…

以上词一定程度上都能体现两个句子（独立主谓宾，主谓或主系表结构）的对立或转折.

假如有两个包含对立信息的句子：

A：He hates it.

B：She likes it.

我们可以用以上词或词组来表达两个句子的对立：

While he hates it, She likes it.

He hates it, while she likes it.

Whereas he hates it, she likes it.

He hates it, whereas she likes it.

Although he hates it, she likes it.

He hates it, Although she likes it.

Even though he hates it, she likes it.

He hates it, even though she likes it.

Though he hates it, she likes it. (though作为连词)

He hates it, though she likes it.

He hates it. She,though,likes it .(though 作为副词)

He hates it. She,however,likes it .

在以上两个句子里，though和however的位置放置比较灵活，可以在开始也可以在最后，也可以如上所写放在中间，因为副词的位置安放本身就比较灵活。

He hates it,yet she likes it. (yet作为连词)

He hates it.Yet she likes it. (yet作为副词)

…

接下来进入正题，我们要探讨一个很多人理解得不是非常准确的一个词——nevertheless（nonetheless）. 很多人直接把它等同于However, 即中文“但是”。这样去处理一般也不会出现大的问题，在做题的时候也大多不会直接导致我们把题做错。但是这个词的完整意思其实是：In spite of the fact that you have just mentioned,中文翻译成尽管如此但是。这意味着出现nevertheless就表明这里有承认前面部分内容的含义在, 而这可以帮助我们快速避免一些不必要的理解错误。

举一个填空和一个阅读的例子：

1. We realized that John was still young and impressionable , but were nevertheless surprised at his ______.

A. naiveté(天真)

B. obstinacy （固执）

C. decisiveness （果断）

D. ingeniousness （聪明）

E. resolve （坚决）

这道题选A. 转折前后是个程度转折，我们意识到John仍然很年轻和容易受影响，但我们还是意外于他的天真（居然如此天真）。但是有不少考生可能会去纠结B,C,E三个选项，他们会说转折前年轻受影响，转折后固执不容易受影响或者坚决果断正好相反嘛。但这里的转折是不可能否定前面特点的，因为”realized“意味着“young and impressionable”的特点是一个事实，空格内容也是事实，描述同一个人事实特点不能直接相反，不然就是矛盾，比如我们不能说他很容易受影响，但是他不容易受影响。而如果我们知道nevertheless表明对前面的内容是承认的话，那我们马上就能判断这里不会反今后John “young and impressionable” 的特点，直接可以忽视B,C,E.

2.  Some historians question the widely held belief that continually improving education led to gradual African American empowerment in the southern United States from the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. They note that the development of Black  educational institutions in the segregated South was never rapid or steady: disparities between Black and White schools sometimes grew in the early decades of the twentieth century. And African Americans’ educational gains did notbring commensurate economic gains. Starting in the 1940s, even as Black and White schools in the South moved steadily toward equality, Black southerners  remained politically marginalized and experienced systematic job  discrimination. Although Black schools had achieved near parity with White  schools in per capita spending and teachers’ salaries by 1965, African Americans’ income still lagged behind that of Whites. Nonetheless, educational progress did contribute toward economic and political empowerment. African Americans’ campaigns to support Black schools fostered a sense of community, nurtured political determination, and often increased literacy. More significantly, politically outspoken Black newspapers achieved record circulation during the 1940s, just as the literacy rate among African Americans approached 90 percent. Finally, the leadership of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was composed largely of graduates of Black colleges.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the highlighted sentence?

A. It clarifies a point introduced in the preceding sentence.

B. It reiterates a point introduced in the first sentence of the passage.

C. It questions the accuracy of some of the evidence used to support the argument of the historians.

D. It introduces a perspective that runs contrary to the view of those who endorse the “belief.”

E. It qualifies the interpretation made by the historians.

文章一开始提出历史学家对于一个belief的挑战，历史学家认为教育的持续提升带来黑人的赋权这个观点有问题。他们指出一系列证据用来支持自己，包括在南方黑人教育的发展本身就不快也不稳，黑人教育方面的提升也没带来经济方面提升，政治上边缘化，就业受歧视，收入落后于白人。Nonetheless（尽管如此，但是）作者指出黑人的教育发展确实有助于权力提升。然后分别从三方面展开权力提升的相关证据。

题目问高亮句子的功能，高亮句子在文章主线逻辑上起到的作用是质疑一些历史学家们的观点。所以答案是E. 但是很多人会去纠结C选项 “质疑用来支持历史学家们观点的证据的精准性”. 此处不讨论把这个选项错看成反观点的人的情况，有些人真的以为作者质疑了前面的证据的精准性，当然很多人后来知道了前面的证据是事实，作者不会去质疑。但是假如能熟悉Nonetheless（nevertheless）的用法的话，就应该马上思考这里承认前面内容，那肯定只能是承认前面刚写的这一堆证据了。

所以，像nevertheless（nonetheless）这两个词，如果对后面的内容阅读准确的话，理解成“但是”不会对我们有太大的影响，但是掌握它的精准含义可以使我们提早规避一些问题，有利无弊。So, let’s make nevertheless great again!

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