看英文外刊学托福第二期来啦！第一期我们分享了教育类话题相关素材，今天我们来看看全球关注的环境话题一起来学习下相关表达吧。

Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow.

前几天被朋友圈里转发的照片震惊到了……

北极熊妈妈孤苦无依地在一片苍茫海水中小心翼翼地坐在仅有的浮冰上，紧紧抱住怀里的伢子。让人泪目……

由于全球变暖，冰川的融化导致北极熊的栖息地慢慢消失。全球热浪下，北极熊还好么？为了避免环境进一步恶化，我们能做些什么呢？政府应该做些什么呢？

下面我们来看看《经济学人》谈及当地政府在解决全球变暖问题方面都做了些什么吧。

赏析内容

文章来源：《经济学人》2018年9月15日期刊International板块

Local government v global warming

Cities, regions and corporations want to help tackle global warming. How much can they achieve?

Sep 15th 2018

原文：

In principle,subnational governments could play a big role in combating climate change.This is particularly true of cities.Urban areas consume two-thirds of the world's energy.They are vulnerable to the effects of climate change,such as flooding,so the cost of inaction is all too tangible.

参考译文：

理论上，国家以下各级政府可以在防治气候变化方面发挥重要作用。城市尤其如此。城市地区消耗了世界三分之二的能源。他们很容易受到气候变化的影响，例如洪水泛滥，所以能明显看出来面对环境问题无所作为的代价太大了。

Many American cities and states are turning to renewables for ever more of their electricity,imposing tougher energy-efficiency standards on buildings,or electrifying public buses.From Aachen in Germany to Zapopan in Mexico,cities are pledging emissions reductions.In August,19cities,including Paris and Tokyo,vowed to make all new buildings carbon-neutral from2030,and to retrofit others to meet the same standard by2050.

参考译文：

许多美国城市和州正在转向可再生能源，以增加他们的电力，在建筑物上强加更严格的能效标准，或使公共巴士通电。从德国的Aachen到墨西哥的Zapopan，很多城市都在承诺减排。在8月，包括巴黎和东京在内的19座城市承诺要使所有新建筑从2030年起保持碳中性，并在2050年之前对其他建筑物进行改造以达到同样的标准。

Cities also stand to benefit from climate-friendlier policies.New research presented in San Francisco finds that climate policies such as boosting energy efficiency and decarbonizing public transport and power generation could create14m new jobs and prevent1.3m premature pollution-related deaths a year by2030.

参考译文：

城市也将受益于环保政策。旧金山的新研究发现，诸如提高能源效率和脱碳公共交通和发电等气候政策可以创造一千四百万新的就业机会，并在2030年之前防止一百三十万的过早与污染有关的死亡。

下面为大家整理出在托福写作中可以使用的语言表达和素材论据，快来积累下吧。

素材赏析

1.好词

1：tackle

词性：v.

释义：处理，应对

to set about dealing with

来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

词组搭配

tackle the problem 处理问题

例句：

Global efforts to tackle climate change rest on a common goal: to keep the planet’s temperatures from rising beyond dangerous thresholds.

释义：全球应对气候变化的努力基于一个共同的目标：保持地球的温度不会超过危险的门槛。

来源： Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American, "CO2 Can Directly Impact Extreme Weather, Research Suggests," 21 June 2018

2：renewable

词性：adj.

renewables noun plural

可再生能源

释义：可再生的

capable of being replaced by natural ecological cycles or sound management practices

来源：Merrian-Webster dictionary

词组搭配

renewable resources 可再生资源

例句：

Power plant emissions of carbon dioxide, a gas which contributes to global warming, have decreased 24 percent between 2005 and 2016 as more power plants replaced coal with natural gas and renewable energy sources, according to the report.

释义：根据该报告, 发电厂排放的二氧化碳 (一种导致全球变暖的气体) 在2005和2016之间减少了 24%, 因为更多发电厂用天然气和可再生能源取代了煤。

来源：L.m. Sixel, Houston Chronicle, "Power plant emissions fall as producers shift from coal," 26 June 2018

The Arizona Corporation Commission already requires electric utilities to generate15percent of their energy from renewable sources by2025.

释义：亚利桑那公司委员会已经要求电力公用事业在2025年之前从可再生资源中产生15% 的能源。

来源：Washington Post, "Renewable energy push in sunny Arizona draws political fight," 6 July 2018.

2.好短语（地道搭配）

1：in principle 理论上

2：play a big role in 发挥重要作用

3：imposing tougher standards on 强加更严格的标准

4：emissions reductions 减排

5：meet the same standard 达到同样标准

6：benefit from 从……中获益

7：decarbonizing 脱碳

8：pollution-related deaths 与污染有关的死亡

3.好句

过去分词做后置定语

New research presented in San Francisco finds that climate policies such as boosting energy efficiency and decarbonizing public transport and power generation could create 14m new jobs and prevent 1.3m premature pollution-related deaths a year by 2030.

并列结构

Many American cities and states are turning to renewables for ever more of their electricity, imposing tougher energy-efficiency standards on buildings, or electrifying public buses.

4.好素材（作文论据）

托福作文素材：

In principle, governments could play a big role in combating climate change. Many American cities and states are turning to renewables for ever more of their electricity, imposing tougher energy-efficiency standards on buildings, or electrifying public buses. From Aachen in Germany to Zapopan in Mexico, cities are pledging emissions reductions. In August, 19 cities, including Paris and Tokyo, vowed to make all new buildings carbon-neutral from 2030, and to retrofit others to meet the same standard by 2050.

环境类话题属于托福写作的高频考题之一，考生们平时需要下意识积累这方面素材，论据内容会更丰富。其实，就算题目中没有出现明显的环境类话题关键词，我们也可以灵活运用这次分享的素材，比如，托福题目问到个人遇到的重大问题是否都可以依靠个人力量来解决？我们可以想到人们面对环境污染的重大问题，仅凭个人的力量是不足以解决的，需要政府的管控和帮助。哪些国家具体做了什么改变呢？完全可以参考上面素材的范例啦~

托福写作相关题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most of people can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family; the help from government is unnecessary.2016年11月13日

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