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“黄金模板”解决TOEFL/GRE作文,怎么写?写什么?的难题

作者:李晖 来源:北京新东方学校 发布时间:2018-01-12

在我教研过程中,受之前咨询公司的习惯影响,一直使用Excel来对写作进行定量和定性的分析,最后总结出很多张表来完成一篇文章的结构。 Excel是个好东西,抛开数据处理的功能不谈,至少,它在辅助我们学会逻辑分类的思考方式,实现mutually exclusive collectively exhaustive(MECE)这个在咨询界已经被用烂,但是在其他行业却依然有强势影响力的简单落地。

我打磨了之前在教学和教研过程中用Excel梳理写作逻辑的表格模板,先剧透一些内容给大家看看:

“黄金模板”解决TOEFL/GRE写作难题

上面的逻辑展开就是对于一篇文章简单的梳理分析,不仅有助于快速理解写作的整体结构,更多的,是帮学生养成独立思考和自主探索的能力。我希望教会你的,是一种思考方式,而不是一篇文章的死记硬背。

写作,其实不用想得很复杂,无非就是“写什么”加“怎么写”。关于怎么写,let me paint you a picture, 写作,至少应试性写作,在一定程度上,逻辑框架是定死的。 我们来举一个非常简单的例子:

如下图所示,一个非常简单的逻辑展开树状图,相信大家都会画,这个不是重点,上过课的同学不动脑子都能说出托福文章要构建框架。BUT,我就想问问你,构建框架之后,该怎么去填充这个框架,你真的能在30分钟内会填得很好么?

“黄金模板”解决TOEFL/GRE写作难题

所以大部分时候,我们解决的只是“怎么写”的问题。

“老师,不用你说我也知道这边要写一个让步,可是,我如何写出一个让步,写出一个优秀的让步,写出一个能帮我拿到非常高分数的让步呢?”

这又回到了一个问题上:你脑海中,到底积累了多少句子?沉淀了多少的知识呢?

有很多同学真的花了很多的时间,读了很多的英文,也“学习”了很多英文写作。然而,依然没有太多的提高。那是为什么呢?我不能武断地评价你的学习方式,不过,我至少可以展示下,如果我来学习分析范文写作,会怎么做。

当我还是一个年轻的逗逼的时候,我也会去读Economist,下面是当初我读文章时如何记录单词和句式的一个demo~

“黄金模板”解决TOEFL/GRE写作难题

“SEX, sex, sexual intercourse, penis, penis, vagina.” More than 150 undergraduates are sitting in a lecture hall at China Agricultural University in Beijing, shouting loudly. Many are sexually active, or soon will be. Yet for most it is the first sex education class they have attended.

好激动~ 一看到这个开头我就控制不住想看下去了!

Their instructor hopes that shouting such words will help youngsters talk more openly about sex. Lu Zhongbao, a 24-year-old forestry student, says he was told as a child that he“emerged from a rock”. When he started having sex with his university girlfriend he had little idea about contraception. This evening he arrived an hour early armed with another question: will masturbating damage his health?

这里面的重点句型:

emerge from a rock:

这应该描述的是大圣吧,当然我也听说过 being adopted from the landfill; emerge from A = come from / be from A

contraception:

除了condom,还有很多其他的 approaches to practice contraception

The Party has stuck its nose into people's bedrooms for 30 years through its harsh family-planning policies. Yet taboos on sex before marriage prevailed, the result of paternalistic—not religious—values about female chastity, with a dose of Communist asceticism thrown in. Pre-marital sex fell foul of a range of laws, including the catch-all charge of “hooliganism”, only scrapped in 1997.

这里面的重点句型:

has stuck its nose into ...:

开始对啥指手画脚了 **to show too much interest in a situation that does not involve you**

Pre-marital sex fell foul of a range of laws:

A falls foul of a range of laws:这意思就是“哥们你违法了你知道么?”,这个句型不错,可以学会背下来吧。

asceticism:

这个词呢,根据大家做阅读的习惯,肯定很想知道是个啥主义,那就是“苦行主义”,然后发现并没有什么太大帮助,其实在做阅读的时候,你想想,sex 肯定是一个fun的东西,那么跟sex这个fun逻辑对立的,应该就是notfun吧。这么一推理,感觉chastity加上female,也知道什么意思了呢!

The social climate remains chilly. Most news items about sex involve scandals or crimes. Schools ban pupils from dating and many deploy “morality patrols” to root out flirting or frolicking couples. Sex outside wedlock is not illegal but children born to unmarried mothers face obstacles obtaining a hukou, or household residency, that entitlesthem to subsidised education and welfare. Yet with greater freedom from their parents, more money and increasing exposure to permissive influences from abroad, China's youth are clearly separating sex from procreation.

这里面的重点句型:

The social climate remains chilly:

在本文中的意思更倾向是“大家都一如既往的事不关己高高挂起”一种social coldness。

to enter into wedlock / to get out of wedlock:

说到婚姻,如果用marriage来说,感觉是一个美好的东西,但是事实上,这不就是个围城么?所以我更喜欢wedlock这个词,lock,是好是坏自己体会。

There is almost no discussion in Chinese schools about love, communication or trust, how to say no or to deal with harassment or abuse. Homosexuality is not discussed, and Chinese parents rarely talk with their children about sex. Peng Xiaohui of Central China Normal University, who runs sex-education classes (including the one at China Agricultural University), had excrement thrown at him last year because of the work he does. Several Chinese and foreign NGOs have tried tofill the gap, but many are now wary after the month-long detention this year of five feminists who had launched a campaign against sexual harassment. Most Chinese youths find out about sex from the internet and online pornography.

这里面的重点句型:

there is no discussion in ... about ...

fill the gap:

某些时候,这个gap不一定是指物理上的gap,也可能是精神上的gap,如果感到空虚,那就填满它。

这样学下来,才是一种酣畅淋漓的积累。

今天跟大家简单聊了如何提高写作,也精分了自己练习阅读写作的过程,如果您对以上方法感兴趣,欢迎拨打400-817-1818进行课程咨询。

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