新冠肺以来,各种关于COVID-19的阴谋论(conspiracy theory)言论一直没有停过。国内各机构的科学家被“扒“历史,“扒”出身。作为一名有志于做科学工作却因为智商不行而转当英语老师的我来说,我呼吁大家在阅读这些阴谋论时,能够至少抱着一颗科学的心态。
比如,我最受不了的是质疑“艺术特长生”出身做不好科研的观点。这种指控带着浓浓的酸味。科学家就不能有艺术特长吗?艺术特长生做不好科研吗?如果你认为做不好,可以cite一些这方面的paper来支持自己的论证。但是满篇别说evidence了,就连reasoning都没有。
近日,著名医学杂志柳叶刀(Lancet)发表了27位科学家签署了反击新冠肺阴谋论的声明。这份声明并不是说新冠肺完全不可能是“人祸”。有人说,你怎么知道他不是人祸?你们也没有证据排除他不是人祸。

(柳叶刀原文截图)
《民事诉讼法》第64条规定:“当事人对自己提出的主张,有责任提供证据。”根据此条的规定,当事人在民事官司中对自己所主张的事实。有提供证据加以证明的责任,即“谁主张,谁举证”,这就是我国《民事诉讼法》规定的一般举证规则。应用到科学上也一样行得通,我们本着谁主张谁举证的原则,认为这是人祸的科学家也好、民众也好,要拿出令大众信服(convincing)的科学证据,否则科学家们嗤之以鼻,而普通民众则被带的节奏如街舞。
今天的推文,我们一起来赏读这篇《联合声明》,看看我们都可以学习哪些有用的词汇和表达把。
para.1
We are public health scientists who have closely followed the emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and are deeply concerned about its impact on global health and wellbeing. We have watched as the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China, in particular, have worked diligently and effectively to rapidly identify the pathogen behind this outbreak, put in place significant measures to reduce its impact, and share their results transparently with the global health community. This effort has been remarkable.
be concerned about - 关注某事
这虽然是一个众人皆知的表达,但是我观察发现很多同学都没有注意过concern这个词是一个使动词,也就是说只能说something concerns somebody,某事让某人关注,而如果以人作主语只能用被动语态说somebody is concerned about something,某人关于某个事儿被“上心了“。所以单纯的把concern翻译成中文的关注是不对的,一定是be concerned about,才表示关注。
pathogen - 病原体
病原体就是能造成疾病的根源的意思。这个单词由patho和gen两个部分构成。gen这个部分表示生成,比如大家最熟悉的产生generate,就是来自于gen这个词跟。而patho则表示疾病disease,所以病原体的意思就油然而生了,产生疾病的那个东西就是pathogen。
We sign this statement in solidarity with all scientists and health professionals in China who continue to save lives and protect global health during the challenge of the COVID-19 outbreak. We are all in this together, with our Chinese counterparts in the forefront, against this new viral threat.
counterpart - 等价的人或事物
因为不同的体系中很难有完全相等的事物,所以在两个体系中比较相似的事物或人我们就成为两个体系相互的counterpart。比如因为不同的政治体制,在美国的总统(president)很难在我国有相类似的角色,不过一般来说我们都认为Trump的counerpart in China是 ________。这里的Chinese counterpart就表示中国在抗击CVOID-19一线的科学家们。

(这位Korea的外交部长,和中国的counterpart会面,这位中国老大哥大家应该都知道谁)
para.2
The rapid, open, and transparent sharing of data on this outbreak is now being threatened by rumours andmisinformation around its origins. We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin. Scientists from multiple countries have published and analysed genomes of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),and they overwhelmingly conclude that this coronavirus originated in wildlife, as have so many other emerging pathogens.This is further supported by a letter from the presidents of the US National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and by the scientific communities they represent. Conspiracy theories do nothing but create fear, rumours, and prejudice that jeopardise our global collaboration in the fight against this virus. We support the call from the Director-General of WHO to promote scientific evidence and unity overmisinformation and conjecture.We want you, the science and health professionals of China, to know that we stand with you in your fight against this virus.
strongly condemn conspiracy theories
strongly condemn - 强烈谴责,这就是中国某个部门每天干的事儿。
conspiracy theory表示阴谋论,开篇我也提到过了。conspire本身表示共同秘密的做坏事儿的意思,我经常给同学们解释为con-spire, con是共同,spir表示呼吸,则“同呼吸共患难”的人,就是一起干坏事儿的家伙们。
This is further supported by XXXX
这是一个很好的用于继续引入evidence的句型,比XXX also supports my argument要显得高级,体现出这种support是一种很客观的存在,下次写论文不妨试着用一用。
misinformation - 虚假信息
在英语中,还有另一个词disinformation。很多人可能注意不到这两个单词其实是有区别的,这里我引用VOA中的一段解释来给大家阐述:
Officials at Dictionary.com say it comes down to what the writer or speaker actually means. They say that “when people spread misinformation, they often believe the information they are sharing.” But disinformation is often shared with the goal of misleading others. For example, if people share information that they know to be false in a story or a picture, that is disinformation.
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/misinformation-or-disinformation/4674697.html)
也就是说,如果你传播的时候不知道自己传播的是假的,那就是misinformation;而你传播的时候,明明知道是谣言还要陷害别人,这就是disinformation了。
conjecture - 猜测
这个词简直是GRE里的王炸词,经常和speculation一起出现在六选二中。
para.3
We invite others to join us in supporting the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of Wuhan and across China. Stand with our colleagues on the frontline!
join sb. in doing something
这也是一个学得早但用不好的短语,我经常看到一些同学写join us to do sth.,虽然不影响理解,但是表达意思上有一些细微的差别。join us in doing,说明us 也在doing,你和us一起doing这个事儿;但是join us to do,就是说你加入us的目的是为了做什么事儿,但是可能us不do这个事儿。
不传谣,不信谣,从我做起!
一起再次复习今天的内容吧:
be concerned about
pathogen
conjuecture
speculation
misinformation VS disinformation
condemn
阴谋论还记得吗?
counterpart
今日主文章选字Lancet,图片来自互联网。
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