词汇及词组摘自CATTI指定教材《英语笔译综合能力2级》,解释及例句源来自牛津高阶英汉双解词典(简体) 第 8 版
Catti英语笔译综合能力测试题中经常考察大家对于近义词以及形近词的理解与应用,有些词的意思相近,但却有一些细微的差别,而对于这些细微差别的理解就决定了选择题的正确与否;还有一类就是形式上看上去较为相似,但是意思却大相径庭,所以这类题目对一些同学来说较为棘手。
征服这类题目不仅在于平时对于词汇的积累,更在于我们在备考时就能细心辨别这类词汇的差异并加以整理,从而不至于在考场中混淆。
近义词辨析
1. serious & severe& grave
serious :
①bad or dangerous 不好的;严重的;有危险的
例:a serious illness/problem/offence
严重的疾病╱问题╱罪行
to cause serious injury/damage
导致重伤;造成严重破坏
They pose a serious threat to security.
他们对安全构成严重威胁。
The consequences could be serious.
后果可能是严重的。
②needing to be thought about carefully; not only for pleasure 需认真思考的;严肃的
例:a serious article一篇严肃的文章
a serious newspaper一份严肃的报纸
It's time to give serious consideration to this matter.
到了认真考虑这一问题的时候了。
③thinking about things in a careful and sensible way; not silly 严肃的;稳重的
例:Be serious for a moment; this is important.
严肃点儿,这件事很重要。
I'm afraid I'm not a very serious person.
恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。
④that must be treated as important 重要的;须重视的
例:We need to get down to the serious business of working out costs.我们该认真地把成本算出来了。
The team is a serious contender for the title this year.
该队是今年不可轻视的夺标竞争对手。
⑤sincere about sth; not joking or meant as a joke 当真的;认真的
例:Believe me, I'm deadly (= extremely) serious.
相信我,我绝对是当真的。
Don't laugh, it's a serious suggestion.
别笑,这是一项严肃的建议。
severe
①extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的;十分严重的
例:The party suffered severe losses during the last election.
该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。
A severe shortage of qualified staff
合格员工的严重短缺
②severe(on/with sb) punishing sb in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules 严厉的;重的
例:The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders.
法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。
③not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb/sth 严厉的;苛刻的
例:A severe expression冷厉的表情
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
她是个严肃的女人,脸上很少出现笑容。
④extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability 艰难的;艰巨的;难度很大的
例:The marathon is a severe test of stamina.
马拉松赛跑是对耐力的严峻考验
⑤( disapproving) extremely plain and lacking any decoration过于简朴的
例:Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste.
现代家具有点过于简朴,我不大喜欢。
Her hair was short and severe.
她的头发不长,也没有花样。
grave
①(of situations, feelings, etc. 形势、感情等 ) very serious and important; giving you a reason to feel worried 严重的;重大的;严峻的;深切的
例:The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关注。
The consequences will be very grave if nothing is done.
如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重的。:
②(of people 人 ) serious in manner, as if sth sad, important or worrying has just happened 严肃的;庄严的;表情沉重的
例:He looked very grave as he entered the room.
他进入房间时表情非常严肃。
形近词辨析
1. intense & intensive
intense
①very great; very strong 很大的;十分强烈的
例:intense heat/cold/pain酷热;严寒;剧痛
The President is under intense pressure to resign.
总统承受着沉重的辞职压力。
②serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time 严肃紧张的;激烈的
例:intense competition激烈的竞争
It was a period of intense activity.那是活动激烈的时期。
③(of a person 人 ) having or showing very strong feelings, opinions or thoughts about sb/sth 有强烈感情(或意见、想法)的;尖锐的;热切的
例:an intense look热切的神情
He's very intense about everything.他对一切都很热心。
intensive
①involving a lot of work or activity done in a short time 短时间内集中紧张进行的;密集的
例:an intensive language course速成语言课程
two weeks of intensive training两周的强化训练
intensive diplomatic negotiations紧张的外交谈判
②extremely thorough; done with a lot of care 彻底的;十分细致的
例:His disappearance has been the subject of intensive investigation.他的失踪一直是大力调查的重点。
③ (of methods of farming 农业方法 ) aimed at producing as much food as possible using as little land or as little money as possible 集约的
例:intensive agriculture集约农业
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