1.语法讲解
定语从句总结:
在句中起定语作用,修饰某一个名词或代词的从句。定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引出。关系代词在定语从句中多充当主语、定语、宾语等成分;关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。
关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
who主格,先行词是人,在从句中一般作主语;
whom宾语,先行词是人,在从句中一般作宾语;
whose属格,用来指人或物,在从句中作定语;
which,先行词是事物,在从句中可作主语、宾语;
that可指人和物,在从句中可作主语、宾讲。
关系副词:when, where, why
when指时间,先行词常用day, time, moment, occasion, week, month等;
where指地点,先行词常用place, room, spot, city, country等;
why指原因,先行词常用reason。
例:She is one of the students who is going to take the examination.
她是马上就要参加考试的学生之一。
I know the boy whose girlfriend is very nice.
我认识那个有漂亮女朋友的男孩。
A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.
用铅笔写的信读起来很费劲。
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.
这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。
He still remembers the day when he went to school.
他依然记得他上学的那一天。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句。限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,如果去掉句子剩下的部分就会失去意义,句子不能成立或意思表达不淸楚。非限制定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词进一步的说明,去掉之后句子其他部分的意思仍然完整。
1) The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.
这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(如果去掉“which flows through London”,句子仍完整。)
2) This book was left by John, who was here an hour ago.
这本书是约翰留下的,他一小时前来过。(如果去掉“who was here an hour ago”,句子仍完整。)
2.Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。
知识点:turn...to/into…意为“把……变成……”。Tum表示变化,指通过某种方法或外力使某人或某物改变特定的性质、身份或外形。例:
Autumn turns the green leaves golden.
秋天绿叶变成了金黄色。
The sky turned to pink at dawn. The night turned into day.
天空在黎明时分变成了 粉红色。黑夜变成了白天。
3. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate.
现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边。
知识点1:put sth. over somewhere 把某物放、摘在某处的上面
知识点2:an ugly stone head 一个丑陋的石雕头像