1. Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.
无疑是因为有一种特殊的进步实际上正在我们周围发生，而且变得越来越明显。
take place 发生，举行
A mutiny has taken place off the coast of South america.
在南美洲海岸外的舰艇上发生了一次哗变。
more and more 越来越
One reason is that the tickets are more and more expensive.
其中一个原因是票价越来越贵。
2. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.
虽然人类在智力和道德上没有得到普遍提高，但在知识积累方面却取得了巨大的进步。
make progress 前进，进步
We have made pleasing progress in our talks.
我们的会谈已经取得了令人满意的进展。
although引导让步状语从句。表示“虽然”时，不要根据汉语习惯，在后面使用连词 but，不过有时它可与yet, still, nevertheless等副词连用。如：
他虽然年纪很大了，但还很强壮。
正：Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.
误：Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
但是在一定的上下文中，类似下面的although与but连用的句子是可能的(注意but引出的句子在although从句之前)。如：
But Ididn’t know that then, although I learned it later.
但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来还是知道了。
3. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries.
藏书使教育成为可能，而教育反过来又丰富了藏书。
add to 增加，增添，补充
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。
4. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
所谓“现代文明”并不是人的天性平衡发展的结果，而是积累起来的知识应用到实际生活中的结果。
What is called主语从句。
not…but…意为“不是……而是……”。连接两个并列成分,后面可跟名词、形容词、副词、短语、从句等。如:
My bag is not black but red.
我的书包不是黑的而是红的。
The letter is addressed not to me but to you.
这封信不是写给我的而是写给你的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败了不是因为他不聪明而是因为他没努力。
