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考研英语翻译:常考词组短语-1

作者:-- 来源:新东方网 发布时间:2020-02-22 11:47

  1.“名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语,应译为“即……;或者称……”

  例1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

  译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。

  2.“only + to do”意为“……,结果却……”,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。

  例1: They don"t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.

  译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望。

  例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.

  译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。

  3.not more / -er than 与 no more / -er than 结构

  比较:

  John is not better than Tom.

  John is no better than Tom.

  前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普通的比较结构;后一例用了no 情况就不同了。no better than 相当于as bad as,含义是两人一样坏。这里,“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。

  例如: no richer than = as poor as 和……一样穷

  no bigger than = as small as 和……一样小

  no later than = as early as 和……一样早

  同样地:

  I have not taken more than six courses this semester.

  I have taken no more than six courses this semester.

  前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门;后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“少”。

  上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more...than (= not...any more than)又有所不同:

  例:A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鲸和马同样不是鱼。)

  另外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than 也能表示否定概念:

  例1:That is more than I can tell. 我简直不能说。

  例2:My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是旅游观光而已。

  4.no more...than... (= not...any more than) 和……—样都不……(表示前后都否定)

  例1:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。

  例2:There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.

  译文:他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。

  例3:More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese.

  译文:越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人,正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译:…,他不爱美国黑人,正像他不爱刚果人一样。)

  注释:not...any more than是no more...than的一种强调形式。

  例如:

  1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)

  杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。

  2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔,就像鸟不会说话一样。

  3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation,the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)

  作为一个国家,法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。

  上述例句表明,no more...than并不表示比较,而是表示比喻,含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时,than后面的从句不用否定式,但译成汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是:no less...than,意为:“和……同样是……”。例如:

  Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是动物。

  而no less than 的意思为:“简直是,实在是”,例如:

  1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高价,简直是敲诈。

  2) It is no less than a scandal. 这实在是一件丑闻。

  7.not nearly (=by no means,far from) 远不

  例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

  译文:食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。

  注:1) this是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿或70亿”。2) 又如:There are not nearly enough people here to do the job.(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)

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