一、定语从句的译法

　　定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。由于二者在翻译时无大的差异，所以讨论时不加严格区分。定语从句的译法一般有三种：

　　(1)译成含“的”字结构的定语，放在先行词之前。由于定语从句的作用相当于定语，所以这种译法是最普遍的。不过，条件是定语不可过长。

　　I am going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her.

　　译文：_________________________

　　(2)采用“分译法”，将较长的定语从句独立出去，并将先行词重复一次。

　　Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.

　　译文：_________________________

　　(3)译成状语从句。

　　Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria.

　　译文：__________________________________________________

　　二、名词性从句的译法

　　名词行从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它们中大多数可以适用“顺译法”—按原文的顺序翻译。但也有一些值得注意的地方：

　　⑴ 主语从句的译法：如主语从句和后面的成分都不长，则按顺序在一句话里完成;如主语很长，而其他成分很短，则可采用分译法;倘若二者长度相当且都较长，则采用分译法。

　　⑵ 表语从句的译法：通常用顺译法。

　　⑶ 宾语从句的译法：如宾语从句较长，且是第一层次的从句，句子往往在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开。

　　⑷ 同位语从句的译法：类似于定语从句的译法—处理成含“的”字结构的定语，其同位语则成为该定语修饰的对象;或采用分译法，先译同位语，再补充同位语从句的内容。如：

　　This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　译文：_____________________________________________________

　　三、状语从句的译法

　　状语从句在句中用来表示时间、原因、条件、目的、让步、比较等等，这类从句往往用在主句后面，而汉语的习惯则要求将状语的内容先于主句表达，即要用逆译法。结果状语从句例外。

　　历年试题中的状语从句很多，值得特别注意的有：

　　(1)when引导的从句的译法

　　when引导的时间状语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开，说明主句是一个完整的句子，when从句与主句关系松散，只是一种语气很弱的补充。类似的情况还有which引导的非限定性定语从句，往往有逗号与主句隔开，所以翻译时常常用分译法，独立成句。

　　①When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.

　　译文：_____________________________________________________

　　②In general, the tests work most efficiently when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined…

　　译文：_________________________

　　(2)so…that…引导的结果状语从句，不应译成“如此……以至于……”如：

　　However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.

　　译文：_________________________