剑15雅思阅读Test1Passage3译文答案解析

　　真题

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

　　What is exploration?

　　We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human 一 indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman slumped down beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest over yonder, our ancestors had learnt the value of sending out scouts to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor negotiate the subways of New York.

　　Over the years, we've come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed - different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely 'well travelled', even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn't take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions 一 whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer 一 borders of the unknown are being tested each day.

　　Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognise because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller 'who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people'.

　　In this book about the exploration of the earth's surface, I have confined myself to those whose travels were real and who also aimed at more than personal discovery. But that still left me with another problem: the word 'explorer' has become associated with a past era. We think back to a golden age, as if exploration peaked somehow in the 19th century 一 as if the process of discovery is now on the decline, though the truth is that we have named only one and a half million of this planet's species, and there may be more than 10 million 一 and that's not including bacteria. We have studied only 5 per cent of the species we know. We have scarcely mapped the ocean floors, and know even less about ourselves; we fully understand the workings of only 10 per cent of our brains.

　　Here is how some of today's 'explorers' define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the 'greatest living explorer', said, 'An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before - and also done something scientifically useful.' Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: 'You have to have gone somewhere new.' Then Robin Hanbury-Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called 'tribal' peoples, said, 'A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world? Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia's Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, 'If I'd gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.' To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery.

　　Each definition is slightly different - and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria; the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel or discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings.

　　I'd best declare my own bias. As a writer, I'm interested in the exploration of ideas. I've done a great many expeditions and each one was unique. I've lived for months alone with isolated groups of people all around the world, even two 'uncontacted tribes'. But none of these things is of the slightest interest to anyone unless, through my books, I've found a new slant, explored a new idea. Why? Because the world has moved on. The time has long passed for the great continental voyages - another walk to the poles, another crossing of the Empty Quarter. We know how the land surface of our planet lies; exploration of it is now down to the details 一 the habits of microbes, say, or the grazing behaviour of buffalo. Aside from the deep sea and deep underground, ifs the era of specialists. However, this is to disregard the role the human mind has in conveying remote places; and this is what interests me: how a fresh interpretation, even of a well-travelled route, can give its readers new insights.

　　Questions 27-32

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

　　27The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that

　　A exploration is an intrinsic element of being human.

　　B most people are enthusiastic about exploring.

　　C exploration can lead to surprising results.

　　D most people find exploration daunting.

　　28According to the second paragraph, what is the writer's view of explorers?

　　A Their discoveries have brought both benefits and disadvantages.

　　B Their main value is in teaching others.

　　C They act on an urge that is common to everyone.

　　D They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than to others.

　　29The writer refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest that

　　A Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration.

　　B Hardy was mistaken about the nature of exploration.

　　C Hardy's aim was to investigate people's emotional states.

　　D Hardy's aim was to show the attraction of isolation.

　　30In the fourth paragraph, the writer refers to 'a golden age' to suggest that

　　A the amount of useful information produced by exploration has decreased.

　　B fewer people are interested in exploring than in the 19th century.

　　C recent developments have made exploration less exciting.

　　D we are wrong to think that exploration is no longer necessary.

　　31In the sixth paragraph, when discussing the definition of exploration, the writer argues that

　　A people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests.

　　B certain people are likely to misunderstand the nature of exploration.

　　C the generally accepted definition has changed over time.

　　D historians and scientists have more valid definitions than the general public.

　　32In the last paragraph, the writer explains that he is interested in

　　A how someone's personality is reflected in their choice of places to visit.

　　B the human ability to cast new light on places that may be familiar.

　　C how travel writing has evolved to meet changing demands.

　　D the feelings that writers develop about the places that they explore.

　　Questions 33-37

　　Look at the following statements (Questions 33-37) and the list of explorers below.

　　Match each statement with the correct explorer, A-E.

　　Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　33He referred to the relevance of the form of transport used.

　　34He described feelings on coming back home after a long journey.

　　35He worked for the benefit of specific groups of people.

　　36He did not consider learning about oneself an essential part of exploration.

　　37He defined exploration as being both unique and of value to others.

　　List of Explorers

　　A Peter Fleming

　　B Ran Fiennes

　　C Chris Bonington

　　D Robin Hanbury-Tenison

　　E Wilfred Thesiger

　　Questions 38-40

　　Complete the summary below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.

　　The writer's own bias

　　The writer has experience of a large number of 38…………… and was the first stranger that certain previously 39…………… people had encountered. He believes there is no need for further exploration of Earth's 40……………, except to answer specific questions such as how buffalo eat.

　　02

　　参考译文

　　What is exploration? 探索是什么?

　　We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human ——indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman slumped down beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest over yonder, our ancestors had learnt the value of sending out scouts to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor negotiate the subways of New York.

　　我们都是探险家。我们去探索，然后将这些新发现的知识共享出去的欲望，正是使得我们之所以成为人的一部分因素——事实上，这个特质在我们作为一个物种而成功存活下来的过程中扮演了一个重要角色。早在第一个洞穴人躺倒在火边，嘟嚷着散播 “那边有非常多的野兽” 这个消息之前，我们的祖先就学到了这个做法的价值，会派遣侦察队去探索未知的地域。我们这种不断探索追寻的天性无疑帮助了人类物种在这个星球上四下散布开来，正如它现如今毫无疑问还在帮助着最后一支游牧部落Penan 在婆罗洲（Borneo）荒芜的森林里维持着他们的生计，以及帮一位放行者在纽约的地铁里摸索方位。

　　Over the years, we've come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed - different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely 'well travelled', even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn't take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions ——whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer ——borders of the unknown are being tested each day.

　　这些年来 ，我们已逐渐将探险家视为一个奇特的物种——与我们其他人有所不同，甚至也区别于我们当中的其他那些仅仅只是“去过很多地方”的人;也许确实存在这样一类更适合去探索发现新鲜事物的人，一类更愿意去出门探险的洞穴人。然而即使如此，也不能剥夺这样一个事实：哪怕是在今天，我们也都有着这一探索的本能；在各行各业中，无论是艺术家、海洋生物学家抑或是天文学家，对于未知的边界每一天都在不断地测试和开拓中。

　　Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognise because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller 'who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people'.

　　托马斯·晗代将自己的一些小说背景设定在了Egdon Heath ，一块虚构的未经开垦的疆域，然后用这里的风景来暗示他作品中的角色们的欲望和恐惧。他所挖掘探索的对象令我们产生共鸣，因为这是全人类所共通的。这毫无疑问便是一场探索行为，而且去到了一个任由作者所选的遥远世界。探险家和旅行作家Peter Fleming谈到了这样一个时刻：探险家回到了他留在身后、留给他爱着的人们的那种生活方式。旅行者 “过去数周或数月在自己眼中都仅仅是一个微不足道、毫不相干的外乡人，费尽全力缓慢行进在一片异域土地上，他在这里既没有根也没有任何过去，而突然之间他遇上了另一个自我，一个相对更加牢固稳定的身份，在一些人的心中占有一席之地”。

　　In this book about the exploration of the earth's surface, I have confined myself to those whose travels were real and who also aimed at more than personal discovery. But that still left me with another problem: the word 'explorer' has become associated with a past era. We think back to a golden age, as if exploration peaked somehow in the 19th century ——as if the process of discovery is now on the decline, though the truth is that we have named only one and a half million of this planet's species, and there may be more than 10 million —— and that's not including bacteria. We have studied only 5 per cent of the species we know. We have scarcely mapped the ocean floors, and know even less about ourselves; we fully understand the workings of only 10 per cent of our brains.

　　这本关于探索地球表面的书中 ，我将自己的目光聚焦在了这样一群人身上：他们进行过真正的旅行，且目标也不仅仅在于自我发现。但是这样做还有一个问题：“探险家”这个词似乎已经与一个过去的时代产生了关联。我们会因望一个黄金时代，就好像探险这件事在19世纪莫名达到了高峰——就好像探索这个过程现在已经处在了衰落期，尽管事实真相是：我们才只不过为这个星球上的150万个物种命了名而已，而全部的物种数量可能超过了1,000万——这还没有算上细菌界。我们只研究了所有巳知物种中的5%。我们还不曾为大洋底测绘过地貌图，关于我们自身的所知就更少了；我们才刚刚充分理解了自己大脑运作原理的10%而已。

　　Here is how some of today's 'explorers' define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the 'greatest living explorer', said, 'An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before - and also done something scientifically useful.' Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: 'You have to have gone somewhere new.' Then Robin Hanbury-Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called 'tribal' peoples, said, 'A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world? Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia's Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, 'If I'd gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.' To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery.

　　一些今天的“探险家们”是这样定义这个词的。Ran Fiennes 被称为“仍在世的探险家中最了不起的一位”，他这样说道：“一位探险家做了一些迄今为止没有任何其他人做过的事并且还做了→些对科学有益处的事。”Chris Bonington ，一位顶尖登山专家，认为探险就存在于亲身接触未知的行为“你得先亲身去到一个全新的地方。”Robin Hanbury-Tenison，代表那些偏远地区的所谓“部落”居民的活动家，他这样说：“一个旅行者仅仅只是记录下来关于某个偏远世界的信息，然后报导回来；而一个探险家则会改变世界。”Wilfred Thesig仅在1946 年穿越了阿拉伯的空域沙摸，他属于那个我们现在己永远无法触及的不借助机械设备出行的年代，他告诉我：“若是当初我明明可以开着汽车去穿越，却还选择了骆驼，那这一切就成了一场嚷头而已。”对他来说，探险意味着从一个遥远的地方带回来一些信息，而无论探险家本人是否获得了任何伟大的自我发现。

　　Each definition is slightly different - and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria; the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel or discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings.

　　每个定义都略有小小的不同——且通常都映射出了每位先锋者所付出努力的领域。不管我问的是谁，结果都一样：德高望重的历史学家会说，探险是一件关于过去的事；前沿科学家会说，它是关于当下的。凡此种种。他们每一个人都设立了自己的特定标准；在他们的看法中所共同具有的因素在于，不像我们中的很多人那样仅仅只是很享受旅行或发现新事物，他们每一个人都从一开始就有着一个具体明确的目标且同时还有记录自己发现的欲望 。

　　I'd best declare my own bias. As a writer, I'm interested in the exploration of ideas. I've done a great many expeditions and each one was unique. I've lived for months alone with isolated groups of people all around the world, even two 'uncontacted tribes'. But none of these things is of the slightest interest to anyone unless, through my books, I've found a new slant, explored a new idea. Why? Because the world has moved on. The time has long passed for the great continental voyages - another walk to the poles, another crossing of the Empty Quarter. We know how the land surface of our planet lies; exploration of it is now down to the details —— the habits of microbes, say, or the grazing behaviour of buffalo. Aside from the deep sea and deep underground, ifs the era of specialists. However, this is to disregard the role the human mind has in conveying remote places; and this is what interests me: how a fresh interpretation, even of a well-travelled route, can give its readers new insights.

　　我最好也坦白一下我自己的偏颇之处。作为一个作家，我感兴趣的是探索人们的思想。我曾经进行过许多次探险，每一次都是独特的。我曾孤身一人与这个世界上各个角落里与世隔绝的人群一起生活过几个月，其中甚至还有两个“此前从未接触过外界的部落”。但是恐怕所有这些经历中没有任何一件能令任何一个人感到哪怕是最微小的兴趣，除非我通过自己的书找到了一个新的角度，探索了一种新的理念。为什么？因为整个世界都已继续迈步向前了。去进行那些伟大的跨越大陆之旅——另外一场徒步去到南北极，另外一次穿越空域沙漠——的时代早已经过去了。我们已经知道了我们这个星球的陆地表面是什么样的；对它的探索现在要落实到细节上来——例如，微生物的生活习性，或者水牛的进食行为。除了深海领域和地底深处，现在是属于专家的时代。不过，这无视了人类思维在传达描绘遥远地域方面所扮演的角色;而这正是我所感兴趣的地方：对于一条哪怕是司空见惯的路途，一场新奇的解读是如何给读者带来全新感悟的。

　　03

　　答案解析

　　Question 27

　　答案：A

　　关键词：New York

　　定位原文：第一段全段：We are all...New York.

　　解题思路：虽然用大写信息New York可以直接定位到本段第三句话，但是这句话里却没有可以和四个选项中的任何一个对应上的信息，且句子开头对代词this的使用，强烈提示着考生还是需要往前去寻找答案。第三句话本身的语法结构比较复杂，详细解析可以参见 前文“佳句赏析”的第一句。从本句往前看一句，会发现是在用一个具体的例子来进行说明，则说明的对象必然还要再向上一句去寻找。至此，考生不妨得出这样一个结论：与其这样用倒序的方式去看句子找答案，还不如一开始就抱定平行阅读的思路，直接从第一句话顺序读下来，还能获得对本段大意和叙事逻辑的正确理解，从而顺利锁定正确答案为选项A：探索是人之所以为人 的一个本质属性。B项说“大多数人都对探索充满热情”；C项说“探索可以带来令人意外的结果”；D项说“大多数人发现探索这件事令人畏惧”，这三者都是原文本段中并没有提及的信息，因此迷惑性不大。

　　Question 28

　　答案：C

　　关键词：second paragraph

　　定位原文：第二段全段:Over the... each day.

　　解题思路：第二段一共只有两句话，其中第一句的语法结构比较复杂，详细分析请见前文“佳句赏析”的第二句。本题与其说是利用原文意思与选项内容对比后直接做出来的，不如说是排除了其他三个在段落中要么根本未被提及，要么利用了文中一些词偷换概念胡乱表述的选项之后，才利用排除法最终锁定了正确答案为选项C：驱动他们的那种冲动是我们每个人都共有的。 A项说“他们的发现既带来了利益也带来了弊端”；B项说“他们的主要价值在于教育别人”，这两个选项的意思都完全没有在本段中出现过；D项说“他们会更倾向于被一些职业而不是另一些职业所吸引”，虽然原文中确实出现了选项词profession,但表达的却是“在所有的professions中都一样无差别”这个意思， 这与D项意思是不符的，可以排除。

　　Question 27

　　答案：A

　　关键词：New York

　　定位原文：第一段全段:We are all...New York.

　　解题思路：虽然用大写信息New York可以直接定位到本段第三句话，但是这句话里却没有可以和四个选项中的任何一个对应上的信息，且句子开头对代词this的使用，强烈提示着考生还是需要往前去寻找答案。第三句话本身的语法结构比较复杂，详细解析可以参见前文"佳句赏析”的第一句。从本句往前看一句，会发现是在用一个具体的例子来进行说明，则说明的对象必然还要再向上一句去寻找。至此，考生不妨得出这样一个结论：与其这样用倒序的方式去看句子找答案，还不如一开始就抱定平行阅读的思路，直接从第一句话顺序读下来，还能获得对本段大意和叙事逻辑的正确理解，从而顺利锁定正确答案为选项A：探索是人之所以为人 的一个本质属性。B项说“大多数人都对探索充满热情”；C项说“探索可以带来令人意外的结果”；D项说“大多数人发现探索这件事令人畏惧”，这三者都是原文本段中并没有提及的信息，因此迷惑性不大。

　　Question 28

　　答案：C

　　关键词：second paragraph

　　定位原文：第二段全段：Over the... each day.

　　解题思路：第二段一共只有两句话，其中第一句的语法结构比较复杂，详细分析请见前文“佳句赏析”的第二句。本题与其说是利用原文意思与选项内容对比后直接做出来的，不如说是排除了其他三个在段落中要么根本未被提及，要么利用了文中一些词偷换概念胡乱表述的选项之后，才利用排除法最终锁定了正确答案为选项C：驱动他们的那种冲动是我们每个人都共有的。 A项说“他们的发现既带来了利益也带来了弊端”；B项说“他们的主要价值在于教育别人”，这两个选项的意思都完全没有在本段中出现过；D项说“他们会更倾向于被一些职业而不是另一些职业所吸引”，虽然原文中确实出现了选项词profession,但表达的却是“在所有的professions中都一样无差别”这个意思，这与D项意思是不符的，可以排除。

　　Question 29

　　答案：C

　　关键词：Egdon Heath

　　定位原文：E段前三句：Thomas Hardy... the author chooses.

　　解题思路：本题的定位不难，但考生如果只看直接包含大写Egdon Heath的第一句话，恐怕很难对应到正确选项，而是需要耐心再往下多看两句，结合三句话的共同意思表达来锁定正确答案为选项C：哈代的目标是探索人物的内心状态。A项说“哈代在描写的是他本人的探险经历”，这可以通过原文“小说背景放在一个虚构的世界中”这条信息来加以否定；B项说“哈代关于探索的本质说错了”，但作者在原文两句话中都表达了对哈代做法的肯定，还特意使用surely这样感情强烈的词，与本选项形成了鲜明的互相矛盾关系；D项说“哈代的目标是显示出与世隔绝的吸引力”, 这是原文完全不曾提及的内容。

　　Question 30

　　答案：D

　　关键词：fourth paragraph, golden age

　　定位原文：第四段第三句到本段结尾：We think back to... our brains.

　　解题思路：本题正确答案的对应信息golden age虽然可以在段落里找到具体的句子，但考生恐怕很难仅凭这一句就确定无误地作答，需要多看几句原文并对比其他选项进行依次排除，才能最终锁定正确答案为选项D：我们若是以为探索已不再必要，那可就错了。 A项说“由探索所产生的有用信息量已经减少了”，C项说“近期的发展使得探索这件事没有那么令人兴奋了”，这两项内容都是原文完全没有提及的信息。B项说“比起19世纪，现在没有那么多人对探索有兴趣了”，这个选项具有一定的迷惑性，因为这确实看似是作者在第三句里说到的部分信息，但是通读全句和之后的几个句子可以看出，作者这么说只是先立起了一个想要批评驳斥的靶子，说它是为了接下来驳倒它而非赞同它，因此本项 虽然好像是文中提及的信息，但却并非正确答案。

　　Question 31

　　答案：A

　　关键词：sixth paragraph

　　定位原文：第六段全段：Each definition ...their findings.

　　解题思路：本题仍延续了前面几题的特点：看似容易定位，却无法只看某句作答，而是至少要耐心准确阅读定位段落的前两句话，初步感觉正确答案可能是A；如果为了追求准确理解和正确答题，则还需再向后文多读几句来进行综合理解，才能结合排除法锁定答案确实为A项：人们倾向于将探索与自己的职业兴趣联系起来。 B项说“有些人有可能会误解探索的本质”，这个信息在段落中完全没有出现过；C项说“为大众所接受的定义已经随时间流逝而改变”，虽然第六段开头一句里确实出现了选项中的definition一词， 表达的却是完全不同于选项句的意思，所以迷惑性不大，考生只需 稍加注意句意就不会被误导；D项说“历史学家和科学家比普通大众有着更合理的定义”，第六段里虽然确实也有historian和scientist 这两个词，但却并没有将这二者与普通大众进行任何比较，也是利用原文词偷换概念的典型出题方法，考生只需耐心分析句子，把握清楚大意，便不会掉进这个并不高明的陷阱中去。

　　Question 32

　　答案：B

　　关键词：last paragraph

　　定位原文：最后一段全段：I'd best ...new insights.

　　解题思路：本题的难度比较高，最主要的原因是不容易定位：虽然在对应的这一段的第二句话中就有看似非常直白的I'm interested in这样的表述，然而再看下去，这个感兴趣的内容the exploration of ideas 却完全不能直接对应于任何一个选项表述, 只能继续往后文读， 并耐心地读完作者介绍自己经历和发表看法的碎碎念，最终才能在本段结尾处敲定正确答案为B项：人们为也许已很熟悉的地方赋予新光彩的能力。 A项说“一个人的个性是如何反映在他们选择前往的地点上的”; C项说“旅行文学作品是如何改进以满足变化着的需求的”；D 项说“作家们对于他们探索的地点所发展起来的感情”。这三条 信息在段落中其实并没有被提及过，但也正是因为没有关键词对应在某一句话上，所以考生也无法通过只读某句话而坚定地对其加以判断和排除，唯有耐心对比原文和四个选项，才能在读完全段以后最终锁定答案。

　　Question 33

　　答案：B 关键词：Wilfred Thesiger

　　定位原文：第五段倒数第二句：Wilfred Thesiger, ...have been a stunt.

　　解题思路：本题的同义替换方式其实在雅思阅读文章中非常高频，是表示整体概念的上义词与表示其中某个个体的下义词之间的同义替换，具体到本题来说，也就是form of transport “交通工具”这个上义词与camel和car这两个下义词之间的同义替换。由于单词本身的认知难度并不高，所以只要真的看懂了题干句和对应原文句的意思，而非单纯寻找某个定位关键词，就能顺利得出正确答案为本句人名对应的选项E。

　　Question 34

　　答案：A

　　关键词：Peter Fleming

　　定位原文：第三段倒数两句：Explorer and travel writer... certain people.

　　解题思路：本题是这部分人名观点匹配题中可以最先定位的一道，且虽然包含人名本身的原文句并不能直接帮助对应到正确答案，但考生只需耐心再向下看一句，大致看出这个结构复杂的句子是在表达漂泊游子归来时的心理感受，就能找准正确的答案选项为A。

　　Question 35

　　答案：D 关键词：Robin Hanbury-Tenison

　　定位原文：第五段第四句：Then RobinHanbury-Tenison, ...the world.

　　解题思路：本题主要考查两点：一、考生的细心程度，是否在定位到人名句之后，仔细地阅读了句子中的所有信息，哪怕是一个看似非常细节的插入成分a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called 'tribal' peoples,因为这正是对应答案选项的地方;二、 考生的词汇量，campaigner指“为某项事业或目标尽心尽力的人”，tribal指“部落的”，这两个单词都是在以往阅读文章中考查过的熟词，进行过先前真题文章精读分析的考生应该不会觉得陌生，进而也就可以看出题目与原文的同义替换关系，找到正确答案为人名对应的选项D。

　　Question 36

　　答案：E

　　关键词：Wilfred Thesiger

　　定位原文：第五段最后一句：To him,... self-discovery.

　　解题思路：本题的定位难度和解题难度都比较低。首先，答案出处距离同一个人名Wilfred Thesiger对应的33题的原文句十分之近，就在紧接着的下一句；其次，无论是题干中的learning about oneself, 还是原文中的 regardless of any great self-discovery，都没有词汇认知方面的难度，考生应该不怎么费力就可以准确匹配到正确答案为E。

　　Question 37

　　答案：B 关键词：Ran Fiennes

　　定位原文：第五段第二句：Ran Fiennes, ...useful.

　　解题思路：这道题的难度与上一道类似。利用人名可以直接定位到答案出处句，而题干中的unique与原文中的no human has done before是非常直白的对应;原文中的scientifically usefuL也可以理解为of value这个表达的同义替换，因此正确答案应该为B。

　　Question 38

　　答案：expeditions

　　关键词：a large number of

　　定位原文：最后一段第三句：I've done... unique.

　　解题思路：本题的定位难度极低：虽然并没有数字和大写信息帮助定位，但题干中的a large number of与原文中的a great many的对应实在是太直白而简单了，考生可以轻松得出答案为：expeditions。

　　Question 39

　　答案：uncontacted

　　关键词：first stranger, previously

　　定位原文：最后一段第四句：I've lived for...tribes.

　　解题思路：本题属于这段摘要填空题中难度最高的一个。首先，考生需要认识原文中tribes这个单词，且熟悉雅思阅读中上义词与下义词之间进行同义替换的出题思路，从而辨认出tribes就是题干中people的同义表述;其次，题干中看似很友好的first这个概念，在原文中的表达非常隐晦，只是轻描淡写的一个even,需要考生通读全句，在理解整个句子的基础上，敲定正确答案为：uncontacted。

　　Question 40

　　答案：land surfaceo

　　关键词：Earth's，buffalo

　　定位原文：倒数第三句：We know how...of buffalo.

　　解题思路：本题的定位有一个有趣之处：像Earth这样的大写专有名词，一般来说都不会被替换，但在此处却被同义表述为了 our planet;由于词汇难度并不高，所以这个替换倒也并不难找。这个替换方式早在“剑9”第一套题第二篇阅读中就出现过。即使真的错过了这个同义替换，也能利用另一个定位词buffalo,定位到出题原文句，进而可得答案为：land surfaceo。

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