雅思阅读判断题—因果关系考点

　　雅思阅读判断题—因果关系考点

　　原因和结果这对儿活宝是语言测试学中非常重要的一组概念，是各种题目中常见的考察的要点。因果关系的表达主要有：

　　因为：because / since / as / why / reason / be responsible for

　　所以：so / therefore / thus / hence / thereby / as a result / consequently

　　由于：because of = due to = thanks to = owing to = result from

　　导致：cause / lead to / result in / give rise to / contribute to / trigger

　　特殊：source / from （stem from）

　　如果判断题题干出现因果关系，那么应该用结果来定位，考点是原因，换言之，结果一定在文中出现，需要判定的是原因是否符合原文。

　　例1：C7T1P2 （T/F/NG）

　　Q: Feeding increasing population is possible due primarily to improved irrigation system.

　　P: Food production has kept pace with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation system.

　　讲解

　　在这个题目中，我们可以看到考官考察因果关系，那么我们应该用结果feeding increasing population来定位，回到原文找到food production, soaring population，然后看题干原因和原文原因是否对应得上。显然，题干原因improved irrigation system和原文原因expansion of irrigation system完全对应，所以此题应为True.

　　核心单词

　　feed = food production

　　increasing = soaring

　　due to = because of

　　primarily = mainly

　　improved = expansion

　　artificial adj.人造的= synthetic

　　例2：C11T1P1 （T/F/NG）

　　Q: Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.

　　P: At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.

　　讲解

　　此题难度颇大。定位词应该是结果destruction to land，然而在原文中被换成了15% of that has been laid waste。第一句中说，现在整个世界，超过80%得土地是适合种植庄稼的。但是这些土地中的15%已经被荒废掉了。第二句中的that指代第一句中的land。Waste我们常见的意思是浪费，这里指荒废，相当于破坏destruction。而题目中的human beings替换成了management，因为只有人类才能实施管理。by在这里的用法相当于由于，等于题目中的be responsible for。所以此题答案是true。

　　核心单词

　　human beings = management

　　be responsible for = by

　　destruction = waste

　　land = that指代

　　实际上，在因果关系的考察中，答案是False及Not Given的概率比较大，我们来看看真题是怎么考察的。首先记住一句口诀：一因一果是False，多因一果选NG.

　　例3：C8T1P2 （T/F/NG）

　　Q: The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.

　　P: An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States.

　　讲解

　　Q: The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.

　　P: An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States.

　　记住：原文说了一个原因，题目原因没对上，答案就是False。

　　核心单词

　　create = establishment

　　as a result of = result in

　　例4：C10T3P1 （T/F/NG）

　　Q: Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.

　　P: Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and because of the educative effect of travel and effects on employment, on society itself.

　　讲解

　　此题定位词为结果social impact，定位到原文impact on society。原文原因是educative effect及effects on employment，题目原因是promote recreation，原因不一样，所以此题答案是Not Given。

　　记住：原文说了两个原因，题目原因没对上，答案就是Not Given。简言之就是，一因一果是False，多因一果选NG。

　　核心单词

　　recreation = entertainment

　　profound impact意义深远的影响

　　educative effect教育意义

　　employment n.就业

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