雅思阅读自然地理类词汇和长难句总结

　　雅思阅读文章涉及的题材包括自然科学类和社会科学类，前者主要包含生物科学，建筑科学，医疗健康，自然地理，环境能源，科学技术等等。

　　在新东方的雅思阅读课堂上，老师也会补充相关的场景背景知识，来帮助同学们在阅读解题的过程中更快地了解文章内容和题目信息。今天我们会总结真题中一些跟自然地理相关的词汇和长难句。

　　从剑桥四到剑桥十二，涉及自然地理的一共有5篇文章，分别来自：

　　C4T1P1热带雨林；

　　C4T3P2 火山爆发；

　　C5T3P2 日渐消失的三角洲；

　　C6T1P3 气候变化和因纽特人；

　　C10T4P1 加州大火。

　　C4T1P1  热带雨林

　　C4T3P2  火山爆发

　　C5T3P2  日渐消失的三角洲

　　C6T1P3  气候变化和因纽特人

　　C10T4P1  加州大火

　　C4T1P1 热带雨林

　　1. The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information,to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and to plan programmes in environmental studies in their schools.

　　be to do sth 表目的，这里出现三个并列结构，to start… to help…and to plan

　　目前这项研究的目的是要给教室提供这样的信息来帮助他们设计教学策略以此帮助学生构筑正确的观点，信息也能置换他们的错误概念以及在学校中展开环保研究项目。

　　2. In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate value and evaluate conflicting views.

　　第一句一共三个定语从句。in which引导第一个定语从句修饰ways；which引导第二个定语从句修饰factors；which引导第三个定语从句修饰activities。

　　第二句一共两个从句。第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句

　　换句话说，没有任何迹象表明他们了解热带雨林对人类来讲到底如何重要，以及那些破坏行为背后所潜藏的复杂社会、经济及政治因素。让人受到鼓舞的一点是，其他类似环保研究的结果表明，大孩子们已经具备了鉴赏、理解以及评价矛盾观点的能力。

　　C4T3P2 火山爆发

　　1. Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world's first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps.

　　not only…also…不但...而且，加上and，一共三个并列存在于continents, atmosphere, water。

　　火山不仅造就了大陆，也许还造就了地球上第一个稳定的大气层，并且为大洋、河流以及冰川提供了水资源。

　　2. The eruption was so fierce that dust thrown into the stratosphere darkened the skies, cancelling the following summer in Europe and North America. Thousands starved as the harvests failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. Volcanoes are potentially world news, especially the quiet ones.

　　so … that 引导结果状语从句，cancelling 现在分词做状语表结果。

　　那次喷发如此剧烈，以至于喷进平流层的火山灰遮蔽了天空，让欧洲和美洲没有了夏季。在六月下雪八月上霜之后，粮食收，上千人忍饥挨饿。火山，尤其是那些安静的山火，是潜在的世界新闻。

　　C5T3P2 日渐消失的三角洲

　　1. But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta.

　　when引导时间状语， 主句为sediment accumulated up。

　　但是到了20世纪，人们建造了阿斯旺水坝来提供电力和灌溉，以此保护开罗这个人口大城及其周边地区免遭洪水和干旱，大多数的淤泥连带其中的丰富养分都积聚在大坝南部，Nasser湖的上游，而没有被带入尼罗河三角洲。

　　2. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.

　　两个that都是宾语从句，陈述了远近的两种解决方案。

　　Stanley认为，在不远的将来，使用人工洪水冲刷三角洲的水道可能会是一种解决方案，类似于建造大坝前自然洪水那样。但是他又说，从长远角度来看，可能需要采取其他的做法，例如海水淡化，来增加可用水的数量。

　　C6T1P3 气候变化和因纽特人

　　The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.

　　be likely to do  可能会做某事

　　be keen to  渴望做某事

　　气候变化的连锁效应还包括气温升高、云层增厚、降水量增加和海平面升高。科学家们致力于研究气候变化的原因在于他们认为在全球变暖的进程中，北极是能够警示危险到来的“矿井里的金丝雀”， 警告着我们北极地区的现状就是全世界的未来。

　　C10T4P1 加州大火

　　1. Three other factors contribute to the trend, they add. First is climate change, marked by a 1-degree Fahrenheit rise in average yearly temperature across the western states. Second is fire seasons that on average are 78 days longer than they were 20 years ago. Third is increased construction of homes in wooded areas.

　　contribute to 导致

　　专家们补充说到，另外三个因素也对这一趋势起到了推波助澜的作用。首先是气候变化，其标志是西部各州的年平均气温上升了1华氏度。第二是火灾多发季现在平均比20年前长了78天。第三，是林木地带内房屋建筑的增加。

　　2. Stung in the past by criticism of bungling that allowed fires to spread when they might have been contained, personnel are meeting the peculiar challenges of neighbourhood - and canyon - hopping fires better than previously, observers say.

　　that引导定语从句修饰bungling，主句主干为personnel are meeting challenges.

　　观察家们说，在过去，消防部门人员就饱受苛责，被指责本可以控制住的火灾却不断蔓延。如今，他们还遇到了近年来最不同寻常的挑战，今年这场山火的火苗能跃过相邻的房屋、甚至能跨越峡谷。

　　小建议来咯！

　　建议同学们结合整篇文章，利用上下文理解句子，希望能对在精读练习中的你有所帮助。当然，仍旧有其他相关文章话题还没有全面的出现在剑桥真题中，建议同学们可以在上课时间之外，多接触和参阅其他英文报纸，杂志和网站，获取更多的自然现象话题，类似于厄尔尼诺现象，飓风，雪崩，地震，泥石流，龙卷风，海啸等等。

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